4.13 T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology

50 Pages·2016·0.25 MB·English

AC Item No.

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Revised Syllabus for T.Y.B.Sc.

Program: B.Sc.

Course : Microbiology(USMB)

(Credit Based Semester and Grading System with

effect from the academic year 2016–2017)
PREAMBLE

With the introduction of Credit Based Semester & Grading System (CBSGS) and
continuous evaluation consisting of components of Internal Assessment & External
Assessment by the esteemed University from the academic year 2011-12 at
F.Y.B.Sc.level,the earlier existing syllabus of F.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology was restructured
according to the CBSGS pattern for implementation from 2011-12.Likewise the existing
syllabi of S.Y.B.Sc.and T.Y. B.Sc. Microbiology were restructured as per the CBSGS
pattern for their implementation from 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively.

The existing syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc.and S.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology were due for revision and
for it’s implementation from the academic year 2014-15 and 2015-16 respectively. Now
it is the existing syllabus of T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology which was due for revision as per
the CBSGS pattern and for it’s implementation from the academic year 2016-17.

Keeping in tune with the revised syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc. and S.Y.B.Sc., the sub-committee
has taken utmost care to maintain the continuity in the flow of information of higher level
at T.Y.B.Sc.Hence some of the modules of the earlier syllabus of T.Y.B.Sc.have been
upgraded with the new modules in order to make the learners aware about the recent
developments in various branches of Microbiology (like Microbial Genetics, Molecular
Biology, Virology, Medical Microbiology, Immunology, Microbial Biochemistry,
Industrial Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology) with an objective to raise the students
awareness in interdisciplinary courses such as Biostatistics, Biophysics, Bioinformatics ,
Computational Biochemistry, Bioinstrumentation, Nanoscience and Astrobiology.
All the 08 courses of theory and practicals (Semester-V & Semester-VI together) are
compulsory to the students offering microbiology as a single major subject (6 units
pattern of the old course).These courses are :-
1. USMB501and USMB601
2. USMB502 and USMB602
3. USMB503 and USMB603
4. USMB504 and USMB604
However,students opting for double major subject (3 units pattern of old course) shall
have following 04 courses of theory and practicals (Semester-V & Semester-VI together)
compulsory:-
1. USMB501 and USMB601
2. USMB502 and USMB602

I am thankful to co-conveners and all the members of our sub-committees for their great
efforts and for timely submission of the draft syllabus.
T. Y. B. Sc. MICROBIOLOGY THEORY
SEMESTER-V
COURSE CREDITS AND
TITLE
CODE LECTURES/SEM
2.5 credits
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS
(60 Lectures)
Unit I DNA REPLICATION 15 lectures
Unit II MUTATION AND REPAIR 15 lectures
HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION &GENETIC 15 lectures
Unit III
EXCHANGE
Unit IV PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS 15 lectures
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY : 2.5 credits
PART-I (60 Lectures)
BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND 15 Lectures
Unit I
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS ON 15 Lectures
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
Unit II
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS,
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION.
GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY-I 15 Lectures
Unit III
GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY-II 15 Lectures
Unit IV
USMB503 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY : PART- I 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES & TRANSPORT 15 Lectures
Unit I
BIOENERGETICS & BIOLUMINESCENCE 15 Lectures
Unit II
METHODS OF STUDYING METABOLISM 15 Lectures
Unit III
&CATABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
FERMENTATIVE PATHWAY& ANABOLISM OF 15 Lectures
Unit IV
CARBOHYDRATES
USMB504 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY & 2.5 credits
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. (60 Lectures)
Unit I UPSTREAM PROCESSING 15 lectures
Unit II FERMENTER EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL: 15 lectures
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING & ENVIRONMENTAL 15 lectures
Unit III
ASPECTS
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS : 15 lectures
Unit IV
PART-I

N.B.- (I) Each theory period shall be of 48 minutes duration.Theory
component shall have 240 instructional periods plus 240 notional periods per
semester which is equal to 384 learning hours.For theory component the value
of One Credit is equal to 38.40 learning hours.
(II) Each practical period shall be of 48 minutes duration.Practical component
shall have 240 instructional periods plus 60 notional periods per semester
which is equal to 240 learning hours.For practical component the value of One
Credit is equal to 40 learning hours.
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology Theory : USMB-501(Microbial Genetics)

Learning Objectives:

Microbial Genetics isan undergraduate T.Y. B.Sc. Microbiology coursethat deals with both
conceptual and practicaltools for generating, processing and understanding biological genetic
information. It develops knowledge of the underlying theories of genetics which exhibits a
broad understanding of genetic exchange among prokaryotes.It also gives students hands-on
competence in fundamental molecular biology theories and laboratory techniques.It gives an
overview of recombinant DNA technology and biotechnology applications utilising genetic
manipulation.It also provides practical experience of the major analytical techniques used in
bioinformatics.It also deals with basic structure and life cycle of different types of viruses and
explains different terminologies like cancer, prions, viriods and their mechanism.This course will
help students to build on the basic information regarding DNA structure transcription, translation
and genetic code that they have gained in S. Y. B.Sc.

Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
 Understand the molecular mechanism involved in DNA replication
 Understand how to identify and classify mutations in DNA followed bymechanism of
DNA repair
 Understand basic concepts of homologous recombination and genetic exchange among
prokaryotes
 Understand natural plasmids and transposons present in prokaryotes
 Understand an account of prokaryotic gene structure and the mechanisms controlling
gene expression
USMB-501: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course Title Lectures/ Notional
Code Semester Periods
2.5 Credits Self
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS (60 Study
Lectures) (60)
UNIT I
DNA REPLICATION 15
15 Lectures
1.1. Historical perspective— conservative, dispersive,
semi-conservative, Bidirectional and semi- 4 Lectures
discontinuous

1.2. Prokaryotic DNA replication – Details of 4 Lectures
molecular mechanism involved in Initiation,
Elongation nd Termination
4 Lecture
1.3. Enzymes and proteins associated with DNA
replication- primase, helicase, topoisomerase, SSB,
DNA polymerases, ligases, Ter and Tus proteins
2 Lecture
1.4. Eukaryotic DNA replication-- Molecular details
of DNA synthesis, replicating the ends of the
chromosomes
1 Lectures
1.5. Rolling circle mode of replication

UNIT II 15 Lectures 15
MUTATION AND REPAIR
2.1. Mutation
1 Lectures
2.1.a.Terminology: alleles, homozygous,
heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation,
Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome
mutation, phenotypic lag, hotspots and mutator genes

2.1.b. Fluctuation test. 1 Lecture

2.1.c. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse
mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, 1 Lectures
conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution,
transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense
mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic
mutations.
2.1.d. Causes of mutation: Natural/spontaneous 5 Lectures
mutation--replication error, depurination, deamination.
Induced mutation: principle and mechanism with
illustrative diagrams for –
i. Chemical mutagens- base analogues, nitrous acid,
hydroxyl amine, intercalating agents and alkylating
agents.
ii. Physical mutagen
iii. Biological mutagen(only examples)

2.1.e. Ames test 1 Lectures

2.1.f. Detection of mutants 1 Lectures

2.2. DNA Repair 5 Lectures
a. Mismatch repair,
b. Light repair
c. Repair of alkylation damage
d. Base excision repair
e. Nucleotide excision repair
f. SOS repair

UNIT III 15 Lectures 15
GENETIC EXCHANGE

3.1. Gene transfer mechanisms in bacteria&
homologous recombination 4 Lectures
3.1.a. Transformation
i. Introduction and History
ii. Types of transformation in prokaryotes--Natural
transformation in 5 Lectures
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus
influenzae, and Bacillus subtilis
iii. Mapping of bacterial genes using
transformation.
iv. Problems based on transformation.

3.2.b. Conjugation
i. Discovery of conjugation in
bacteria
ii. Properties of F plasmid/Sex factor
iii. The conjugation machinery
iv. Hfr strains, their formation and mechanism of
conjugation
v. F’ factor, origin and behavior of F’ strains,
Sexduction.
vi. Mapping of bacterial genes using conjugation
(Wolman and Jacob experiment).
vii. Problems based on conjugation
3.3.c.Transduction 3 Lectures
i. Introduction and discovery
ii. Generalised transduction
iii. Use of Generalised transduction for mapping
genes
iv. Specialised transduction
v. Problems based on transduction
3 Lectures
3.4. Recombination in bacteria
3.4.a. General/Homologous recombination
i. Molecular mechanism
ii. Holliday model of recombination
b. Site –specific recombination

UNIT IV 15 Lectures 15
PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS
(REGULATION) 4 Lecture
4.1.Plasmids
a. Physical nature
b.Detection and isolation of plasmids
c. Plasmid incompatibility and Plasmid curing
d. Cell to cell transfer of plasmids
e. Types of plasmids
i. Resistance Plasmids,
ii. Plasmids encoding Toxins and other Virulence
characteristics
iii. col factor
iv. Degradative plasmids
4 Lectures
4.2.Transposable Elements in Prokaryotes
a. Insertion sequences
b. Transposons
i. Types
ii. Structure and properties
iii. Mechanism of
transposition
iv. Transposon mutagenesis
c. Integrons
7 Lectures
4.3. Lac operon and problems on Lac operon
Trp operon

T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology Theory:
USMB-502 (Medical Microbiology &Immunology: Part-I)

Learning objectives:
One of the most important areas of microbiology, medical microbiology encompasses the
aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis,
and treatment of various diseases that are enlisted in the syllabus. This course will help students
to build on the basic information regarding host defence mechanisms that they have gained in S.
Y. B.Sc.Immunology is an integral part of Medical Microbiology and this course is designed for
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students have achieved a basic
understanding of Innate Immunity and Host Defence mechanisms. The course has been designed
to help understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a
logical fashion. This includes our innate ability to defend against microorganisms (innate
immunity); should this first line of defence fail, how we can fight infections (acquired
immunity); if we react excessively, what price we pay (hypersesitivity); and very importantly,
how we can prevent pathogens from infecting us (vaccinantion).

Learning Outcomes: (Medical Microbiology) Students should be able to-
 Give details of the virulence factors and other features of the pathogen
 Correlate these virulence factors with the pathogenesis and clinical features of the disease
 Comment on the mode of transmission, epidemiology and therefore modes of prophylaxis
of these diseases
 Given a few key clinical features, identify the likely causative agent.
 Comment on the methods of diagnosis of the disease.
Learning Outcomes: ( Immunology) Should be able to-
 Conceptualize how the innate and adaptive immune responses coordinate to fight
invading pathogens
 Discuss the role of antigen in initiating the immune response
 Correlate the structure & functions of immunoglobulin
 Understand the importance of all the other entities involved ie T cells, B cells, NK cells,
APCs, Cytokines, MHC, TcR, BcR, Co-receptors, Signalling pathways etc
USMB-502: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course Title Lectures/ Notional
Code Semester Periods
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND 2.5 Self Study
IMMUNOLOGY Credits (60)
(60
lectures)
UNIT I 15 15
BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES

1A. Study of virulence mechanisms in bacteria 01
1.1. Identifying bacteria that cause disease
1.2. Genomics and bacterial pathogenicity 01
1.2.1. The clonal nature of bacterial pathogens
1.2.2. Mobile genetic elements
1.2.3. Pathogenicity islands
1.3. Bacterial virulence factors 03
1.3.1. Adherence factors
1.3.2. Invasion of host cells and tissues
1.3.3. Toxins
1.3.3.1. Exotoxins
1.3.3.2. Exotoxins associated with diarrhoeal
diseases and food poisoning
1.3.3.3. LPS of gram negative bacteria
1.3.4. Enzymes
1.3.4.1. Tissue degrading enzymes
1.3.4.2. IgA1 proteases
1.3.5. Antiphagocytic factors
1.3.6. Intracellular pathogenicity
1.3.7. Antigenic heterogeneity
1.3.8. The requirement for iron
1.3.9. The role of biofilms

1B. Study of A Few Infectious Diseases of the
Respiratory Tract with Emphasis on Cultural 10
Characteristics of the Aetiological Agent,
Pathogenesis & clinical features, Laboratory
Diagnosis And Prevention
1.1. S. pyogenes infections
1.2. Diphtheria
1.3. Common cold
1.4. Tuberculosis
1.5. Pneumonia caused by K .pneumoniae