Table Of ContentD E S I G N I N G W I T H S T R U C T U R A L
S T E E L
A G U I D E F O R A R C H I T E C T S
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
One East Wacker Drive, Suite 3100
Chicago, Illinois 60601-2000
Tel. 312.670.2400
Fax 312.670.5403
www.aisc.org
Copyright © 2002
by
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
ISBN 1-56424-052-5
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering prin-
ciples and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used
or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its
accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication
of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American
Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any gen-
eral or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this infor-
mation assumes all liability arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and
incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent
to the printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and
incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
IDEAS
Structural Steel Today
Structural Steel Framing Solutions for Multi-Story Residential Buildings
Building Tomorrow's Parking Structures Today
Project Profiles
Cologne/Bonn Airport
Fashion Square Retail Center
Jefferson at Lenox Park
John F. Kennedy International Airport
Mystic Marriott Hotel & Spa
Newark International Airport
Nortel Networks
Portland International Airport
Winthrop University Hospital
SYSTEMS
PART I
Basic Structural Engineering
Understanding Load Flow
Types of Basic Lateral Systems
Beam Web Penetrations
Thermal Movement of Structural Steel
Floor Vibration
PART III
Protecting Structural Steel
Guide to Coatings Technology
Basics of Protective Coatings
Composition of Coatings
Types of Coatings
Painting Guides
Special Purpose Coating Systems
Paint Systems
Surface Preparation
Other Substrates
Use of Protective Coatings
Evaluation of Existing Coating for Overcoating
Coating Test Methods and Procedures
Surface Preparation for Overcoating Systems
Quality Assurance
Evaluation of Performance Requirements for Coating Systems
Protecting Substrates from Corrosion
Economics
Inspection
Coating References
Sample Painting Guide Specifications
iii
Fire Protection
General Factors
Fire Protection Materials
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Assemblies
Restrained and Unrestrained Construction
Architecturally Exposed Steel
Rational Fire Design Based on Fire Engineering
PART IIII
Determining Member Sizes for Detailing
Determining Girder and Beam Sizes for Floors & Roofs
Determining Interior Column Sizes
PART IIV
Miscellaneous
Bending and Shaping of Structural Members
Welding Symbols and Appearance of Exposed Welded Connections
Latest Code Provisions for Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel
MATERIALS
W-, S-, C-, MC-, HP-, M-Shapes and Angles
Structural Tees (WT-, MT- and ST-Shapes)
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) and Pipe
Plates and Bars
DETAILS
General Considerations
Detailing Considerations for Masonry
Detailing Considerations for Precast Concrete Panels
Detailing Considerations for Limestone Panels
Detailing Considerations for Thin Stone Veneer Panels
Detailing Considerations for Window Wall Enclosure Systems
Detailing Considerations for Floor/Ceiling Sandwich
Design Considerations for Diagonal Bracing Details
Additional References
APPENDIX
Common Questions Answered
Definitions
Mill Production and Tolerances
General Fabrication
Fabrication and Erection Tolerances
Painting and Surface Preparation
Fire Protection
References
Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, March 7, 2000
Construction Industry Organizations
INDEX
iv
PREFACE
The purpose of this Guide is to provide architects with the tools needed to feel more comfortable and confident
working with structural steel in building projects. With a greater understanding of the characteristics and inher-
ent benefits of structural steel, architects will be prepared to better utilize steel as a framing material. Some of
the strengths structural steel offers in building design is high resiliency and performance under harsh and difficult
conditions, i.e., earthquakes and hurricanes. Steel offers the ability to span great distances with slenderness and
grace. Steel can be shaped to achieve curved forms and goes up quickly to meet tough construction schedules
in almost any weather condition. Steel can be easily modified in the future to satisfy changing requirements. And
with virtually all structural steel produced in the United States today made from recycled cars and other steel prod-
ucts, steel offers environmental sustainability for the future.
This Guide was created in response to research gathered by the American Institute of Steel Construction's (AISC)
regional engineering staff through focus group meetings with owners, engineers, architects, construction man-
agers and contractors throughout the United States. The purpose of this research was to determine how steel-
framed building projects could be completed more economically and in less time, while still maintaining high lev-
els of quality. To find the regional engineer in your area, visit the AISC website at www.aisc.org.
One of the findings of these focus groups was that architects were eager for more knowledge of how to incor-
porate structural steel into building design. In response to this need, AISC set out to create a guidebook for archi-
tects that would provide an understanding of the structural systems, material properties and design details for
structural steel. To that end industry experts from all fields—architects, engineers, fabricators and coating spe-
cialists—were assembled to provide the most up-to-date and accurate information on designing in structural
steel.
Designing with Structural Steel: A Guide for Architects, is presented in five sections. The Ideas Section contains
the booklet, Structural Steel Today,showcasing buildings that incorporate structural steel's unique features to cre-
ate truly inspiring architectural designs. Also included in this section is a series of project profiles.
The Systems Section explains basic concepts in structural steel design. It is intended to help the architect com-
municate more easily with the structural engineer. This section also presents an in-depth discussion of the types
of coating systems available for structural steel for instances where coating protection is needed. The section
also provides information of welding and sizing of beams and columns for purposes of architectural detailing.
The DetailsSection provides plan details and commentary on the use of structural steel in combination with other
building materials like precast concrete panels, masonry, thin stone veneer panels and limestone. The Materials
Section contains dimensional properties (in both English and metric units), of wide-flange shapes, hollow struc-
tural sections and other sections. The MaterialsSection also provides architects with additional information need-
ed for architectural detailing.
The Appendix is divided into three parts. The AISC Code of Standard Practice covers standard communications
through plans, specifications, shop drawings and erection drawings; material, fabrication, and erection toler-
ances and quality requirements; contracts; and requirements for architecturally exposed steel. Also provided are
answers to common questions about codes, specifications and other standards applicable to structural steel. The
final part of this section is an information-source-list of names, addresses, phone numbers and website address-
es for industry organizations that can be of service to the building team.
This Guide is meant to be a teaching tool as well as a desk reference on structural steel. It is meant to be a "liv-
ing document." To this end it has been published in a three-ring binder to accommodate additions and updat-
ed information to be published in the future.
The editors would like to thank all of those who contributed their time, effort and knowledge in producing a pub-
lication that can be used on a daily basis. We welcome your comments and suggestions for future additions to
the guidebook.
Alford Johnson
Chicago 2002
v
CONTRIBUTORS
IDEAS
Alford Johnson, Vice President Marketing, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
SYSTEMS
Del Boring, P.E., Senior Director, American Iron & Steel Institute
Mark Zahn, S.E., Structural Engineer
Karl Angeloff, P.E., Manager Marketing Development, Bayer Corporation
Alford Johnson, Vice President Marketing, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
DETAILING
David E. Eckmann, AIA, S.E., Structural Department Head, OWP&P Architects, Inc.
Geoffrey Walters, AIA, Architect, OWP&P Architects, Inc.
APPENDIX
Charles J. Carter, S.E., P.E., Chief Structural Engineer, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
vii
D E S I G N I N G W I T H S T R U C T U R A L
S T E E L
A G U I D E F O R A R C H I T E C T S
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Description:tical loads from all floors and roof areas above to the foundation elements. Figure 1. Forces experienced by structures. ▫ Leeward Wind. (Suction).
