Evidence-based Orthopedics

1180 Pages·2011·10.76 MB·English

Evidence-Based Orthopedics
Evidence-Based Medicine Series
Updates and additional resources for the books in this series are available from:
www.evidencebasedseries.com
Evidence-Based
Orthopedics
CHIEF EDITOR
Mohit Bhandari MD, PhD, FRCSC
Professor and Academic Chair
Canada Research Chair
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery
Department of Surgery
McMaster University
Hamilton, ON
Canada
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Rajiv Gandhi
Brad A. Petrisor
Marc Swiontkowski
MANAGING EDITOR
Sheila Sprague
SECTION EDITORS
Anthony Adili
Dianne Bryant
Jason W. Busse
Thomas A. Einhorn
Michelle Ghert
Mininder Kocher
Joy C. MacDermid
Rudolf W. Poolman
Emil H. Schemitsch
Andrew H. Schmidt
Robert M. Szabo
Achilleas Thoma
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Evidence-based orthopedics / chief editor, Mohit Bhandari ; section editors, Anthony Adili ... [et al.].
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-8476-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-8476-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Orthopedic surgery. 2. Musculoskeletal
system–Wounds and injuries. 3. Evidence-based medicine. I. Bhandari, Mohit. II. Adili, Anthony.
[DNLM: 1. Bone and Bones--surgery. 2. Evidence-Based Medicine. 3. Fractures,
Bone--surgery. 4. Joints--surgery. 5. Orthopedic Procedures. WE 168]
RD732.E96 2011
617.4'7–dc22
2011007202
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444345070; Wiley Online Library
9781444345100; ePub 9781444345087; Mobi 9781444345094
Set in 9.25/12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2012
Contents
Contributors, x 11 Gouty Arthritis, 86
Jasvinder A. Singh
Foreword, xx
12 Perioperative Medical Management, 93
Preface, xxii
Daniel A. Mendelson, Susan M. Friedman,
Abbreviations, xxiii
and Joseph A. Nicholas
13 Orthobiologics, 100
Section I Methodology of Evidence- T. William Axelrad and Thomas A. Einhorn
Based Orthopedics
Section III Joint Reconstruction
1 Principles of Evidence-Based Orthopedics, 3
Simrit Bains, Mohit Bhandari, and Paul Tornetta III
III.I Hip and Pelvic Reconstruction/Arthroplasty
2 Understanding Hierarchies of Evidence and Grades
of Recommendation, 7 14 The Role of Computer Navigation in Total Hip
Raman Mundi and Brad A. Petrisor Arthroplasty, 119
Jonathan M. Loughead and Richard W. McCalden
3 Critical Appraisal Tools for Surgeons 12
Farrah Hussain, Sheila Sprague, and Harry E. Rubash 15 Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Hip
Arthroplasty, 131
4 Understanding Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, 17
Glen Richardson, Michael J. Dunbar,
Helena Viveiros, Sarah Resendes, Tania A. Ferguson,
and Joseph P. Corkum
Mohit Bhandari, and Joel Matta
16 Hip Resurfacing vs. Metal-on-Metal Total Hip
5 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, 25
Arthroplasty, 137
Nasir Hussain, Farrah Hussain, Mohit Bhandari, and
Sanket R. Diwanji, Pascal-André Vendittoli,
Saam Morshed
and Martin Lavigne
6 Economic Analysis, 30
17 The Role of Ceramic in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 153
Laura Quigley, Sheila Sprague, and Theodore Miclau III
Peter M. Lewis and James P. Waddell
18 Minimally Invasive Techniques in Total Hip
Section II Orthopedic Medicine
Arthroplasty, 164
Amre Hamdi and Paul E. Beaulé
7 Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders, 37
Celeste J. Hamilton, Sophie A. Jamal, and Earl R. Bogoch III.II Hip Revision Surgery
8 Thromboprophylaxis in Orthopedic Practice, 56 19 Management of Femoral Periprosthetic Fractures
Ernest Kwek and Richard E. Buckley After Hip Replacement, 171
9 Blood Transfusion, 72 Tamim Umran, Donald S. Garbuz, Bassam A. Masri, and
David W. Sanders and Jeffrey L. Carson Clive P. Duncan
10 Wound Infections, 78 20 Evaluation of the Painful Total Hip
Wesley G. Lackey, Kyle J. Jeray, Atul F. Kamath, Replacement, 178
John G. Horneff III, and John L. Esterhai, Jr Matthew Oliver and James N. Powell
v
Contents
21 Revision of the Femoral Components: Role of III.VI Foot and Ankle Reconstruction/
Structural Bulk Allografts and Impaction Arthroplasty
Grafting, 186
34 Fusion vs. Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Ankle
Christopher R. Gooding, Bassam A. Masri,
Arthritis, 294
Donald S. Garbuz, and Clive P. Duncan
Timothy R. Daniels, Mark Glazebrook, Terence Chin, and
22 Revision of the Acetabular Components: Role of
Roger A. Haene
Structural Bulk Allografts and Porous Tantalum
35 Fusion vs. Arthroplasty in the Treatment of 1st MTP
Implants, 205
Arthritis, 307
John Antoniou, Alan J. Walsh, and
Jeffrey G.M. Tan, Gilbert Yee, and Johnny T.C. Lau
Vassilios S. Nikolaou
36 Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease and the Treatment of
III.III Knee Reconstruction/Arthroplasty
the Cavo-Varus Foot, 317
David N. Townshend and Alastair S.E. Younger
23 Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 212
Philip A. O’Connor and Steven J. MacDonald
24 Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Total Knee
Section IV Trauma
Arthroplasty, 220
Eric R. Bohm, Ili Slobodian, Thomas R. Turgeon,
IV.I Upper Extremity
and Martin Petrak
25 High-Flexion Implants vs. Conventional Design IV.I.I Shoulder Girdle
Implants, 228 37 Acromioclavicular Joint, 325
Nicholas Paterson, Robert J. Orec, and Bill Ristevski and Michael D. McKee
Douglas D.R. Naudie
38 Clavicle, 332
26 The Neuropathic/Charcot Joint, 236 Bill Ristevski and Michael D. McKee
Rajrishi Sharma and Mitchell J. Winemaker
39 Scapula, 341
III.IV Knee Revision Surgery Peter A. Cole and Lisa K. Schroder
40 Post-Traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal
27 Cemented vs. Uncemented Stems in Revision
Humerus, 351
Knee Arthroplasty: Indications, Technique, and
Ilia Elkinson and Darren S. Drosdowech
Outcomes, 242
Gerard M.J. March and Paul R. Kim IV.I.II Humerus
28 Management of Structural Defects in Revision Knee 41 Proximal Humerus Fractures, 360
Arthroplasty: Femoral Side, 249 Job N. Doornberg and David Ring
Sandor Gyomorey, Paul T.H. Lee, and David J. Backstein 42 Humeral Shaft Fractures, 366
29 Patellar Options in Revision Knee Amy Hoang-Kim, Jörg Goldhahn, and David J. Hak
Arthroplasty, 257 43 Distal Humerus Fractures, 374
Hatem Al-Harbi and Paul Zalzal Aaron Nauth and Emil H. Schemitsch
III.V Shoulder Reconstruction/Arthroplasty IV.I.III Elbow and Forearm
44 Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow, 383
30 Total Shoulder Replacement vs. Hemiarthroplasty
Reyhan A. Chaudhary, Maurice Tompack, and
in the Treatment of Shoulder Osteoarthritis, 263
J. Whitcomb Pollock
Olivia Y.Y. Cheng and Michael D. McKee
45 Radial Head Fractures, 397
31 Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Shoulder
Andrea S. Bauer and David Ring
Arthroplasty, 270
Shahryar Ahmadi and Christian Veillette 46 Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations, 403
Bryce T. Gillespie and Jesse B. Jupiter
32 Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, 278
Ryan T. Bicknell 47 Olecranon Fractures, 409
Bryce T. Gillespie and Jesse B. Jupiter
33 Glenoid Fixation in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty:
What Type of Glenoid Component Should 48 Forearm Fractures, Including Galeazzi
We Use?, 284 Fractures, 416
Eric C. Benson, Kenneth J. Faber, S. John Ham, Matthijs R. Krijnen, and
and George S. Athwal Rudolf W. Poolman
vi
Contents
IV.I.IV Wrist and Hand 67 Midfoot/Metatarsal Fractures, 583
Robin R. Elliot and Terence S. Saxby
49 Distal Radius Fractures, 425
Boris A. Zelle and Michael Zlowodzki IV.III Pelvis and Acetabulum
50 Perilunate Dislocations, 437
68 Pelvis, 593
Geert A. Buijze, Job N. Doornberg, and David Ring
G. Yves Laflamme, Stephane Leduc, and
51 Carpal Fractures, 443 Dominique M. Rouleau
Bertrand H. Perey, Anne-Marie Bedard, and Fay Leung
69 Acetabulum, 602
52 Metacarpal Fractures, 462 Kelly A. Lefaivre and Adam J. Starr
Brent Graham
IV.IV General
IV.II Lower Extremity
70 Open Fractures, 617
IV.II.I Hip Atul F. Kamath, John G. Horneff, John L. Esterhai, Jr.,
53 Hip Dislocations, 468 Wesley G. Lackey, Kyle J. Jeray, and J. Scott Broderick
Gregory J. Della Rocca, Brett D. Crist, and 71 Acute Compartment Syndrome, 627
Yvonne M. Murtha Andrew H. Schmidt
54 Femoral Head Fractures, 474 72 Noninvasive Technologies for Fracture Repair, 636
Chad P. Coles Yoshinobu Watanabe, Makoto Kobayashi, and
55 Intracapsular Fractures, 480 Takashi Matsushita
Jennifer A. Klok, Marc Swiontkowski, and 73 Calcium Phosphate Cements in Fracture Repair, 642
Mohit Bhandari Ross K. Leighton, Kelly Trask, Thomas A. Russell,
56 Intertrochanteric Fractures, 491 Mohit Bhandari, and Richard E. Buckley
Ole Brink and Lars C. Borris 74 Damage Control Orthopedics, 649
IV.II.II Femur Philipp Kobbe and Hans-Christoph Pape
75 Mangled Extremity, 655
57 Subtrochanteric Fractures, 497
Ted V. Tufescu
Steven Papp, Wade Gofton, and Allan S.L. Liew
58 Femoral Shaft Fractures, 504
Costas Papakostidis and Peter V. Giannoudis Section V Adult Spine
59 Distal Femur Fractures, 522
Matthijs R. Krijnen, J. Carel Goslings, and V.I Cervical Spine
Rudolf W. Poolman
76 Mechanical Neck Pain, 663
IV.II.III Knee Gabrielle van der Velde
60 Knee Dislocations, 527 77 Whiplash, 669
James P. Stannard and Allan Hammond Gabrielle van der Velde
IV.II.IV Tibia V.II Mechanical Low Back Pain without
61 Proximal Tibia, 534 Neuropathy
Richard J. Jenkinson and Hans J. Kreder
78 Mechanical Low Back Pain: Operative
62 Tibial Shaft, 541 Treatment—Fusion, 675
Jennifer A. Klok Rahul Basho, Alex Gitelman, and Jeffrey C. Wang
63 Distal Tibia/Plafond, 549 79 Mechanical Low Back Pain: Nonoperative
Hossein Pakzad and Peter J. O’Brien Management, 678
IV.II.V Foot and Ankle Andrea D. Furlan, Victoria Pennick, Jill A. Hayden, and
Carlo Ammendolia
64 Malleolar Fractures, 561
David W. Sanders and Ajay Manjoo V.III Low Back Pain with Neuropathy
65 Talus Fractures, 567
80 Neurogenic Claudication—Operative Management
Gregory K. Berry
(Decompression and Fusion), 686
66 Calcaneus Fractures, 574 Hormuzdiyar H. Dasenbrock, Reza Yassari,
Stephen J. McChesney and Richard E. Buckley and Timothy F. Witham
vii
Contents
81 Neurogenic Claudication: Nonoperative 96 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, 822
Management, 694 Rune Bruhn Jakobsen and Bent Wulff Jakobsen
Carlo Ammendolia
97 Operative vs. Nonoperative Treatment of Combined
82 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Nonoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral
Management, 702 Ligament Injuries, 832
Calvin T. Hu and James O. Sanders Rocco Papalia, Sebastiano Vasta, Vincenzo Denaro, and
Nicola Maffulli
83 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Operative
Management, 710 98 Posterolateral Corner Injury, 841
Calvin T. Hu and James O. Sanders Pankaj Sharma and Daniel B. Whelan
84 Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Operative 99 Cartilage Injury, 847
Management, 721 Joris E.J. Bekkers, Anika I. Tsuchida, and Daniël
Harsha Malempati, Erion Qamirani, and Albert J.M. Yee B.F. Saris
85 Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Nonoperative 100 Runner’s Knee, 853
Management, 728 Ella W. Yeung and Simon S. Yeung
Harsha Malempati, Erion Qamirani, and
VI.IV Foot and Ankle
Albert J.M. Yee
101 Ankle Ligament Injury, 862
Michel P.J. van den Bekerom, Rover Krips, and
Section VI Sports Medicine
Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs
102 Achilles Tendinopathy, 872
VI.I Shoulder
Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Stefano Campi,
86 Treatment of the First Shoulder Dislocation, 737 and Vincenzo Denaro
Charles L. Cox, and John E. Kuhn
VI.V Hip
87 Chronic Shoulder Instability, 744
Joost I.P. Willems and W. Jaap Willems 103 Labral Tears, 879
Sanaz Hariri, Henk Eijer, and Marc R. Safran
88 Rotator Cuff Injury, 752
John E. Kuhn 104 Hip Impingement, 892
Marc J. Philippon and Karen K. Briggs
89 Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, 763
Ron L. Diercks and Oscar Dorrestijn 105 Snapping Hip, 898
Bas van Ooij and Matthias U. Schafroth
90 Pathology of the Long Head of the Biceps, 772
Paul W.L. ten Berg, Luke S. Oh, and David Ring
VI.VI Other Injuries
VI.II Elbow
106 Ergogenic Aids: Creatine Supplementation as a
91 Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury, 781 Popular Ergogenic Aid in Young Adults, 905
Michael J. O’Brien
Denise Eygendaal and Laurens Kaas
92 Tennis Elbow, 787
Peter A.A. Struijs, Rachelle Buchbinder,
Section VII Wrist and Hand Surgery
and Sally E. Green
VI.III Knee VII.I Wrist Surgery
93 Initial Management of the Sports Injured Knee, 796 107 Acute Management of Distal Radius Fractures, 913
Jaskarndip Chahal, Christopher Peskun, Ruby Grewal
and Daniel B. Whelan 108 Prognosis: Pain and Disability After Distal Radius
94 Meniscal Tears (Meniscectomy, Meniscopexy, Fracture, 923
Joy C. MacDermid and Ruby Grewal
Meniscal Transplants/Scaffolds), 803
Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Stefano Campi, 109 Reconstruction of Malunited Distal Radius
and Vincenzo Denaro Fracture, 930
James T. Monica and David Ring
95 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, 812
Verena M. Schreiber, Kenneth D. Illingworth, 110 Scaphoid Fractures, 938
Hector A. Mejia, and Freddie H. Fu Ruby Grewal
viii