What Jung Really Said

195 Pages·1995·5.91 MB·English

by  E.A. Bennet

W H A T J U N G
R e a l l y
S A I D
1 9 4 5 - 1 9 9 5
50
Y E A R S OF P U B L I S H I N G
W H A T J U N G
R e a l l y
S A I D
E . A . B E N N E T
Introduction by
A N T H O N Y S T O R R
NEW YORK
S C H O C K E N B O O K S
SC H O C KEN BOOKS, NEW YORK
Copyright © 1966, 1983 by E. A. Bennet
Introduction copyright © 1983 by Anthony Storr
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American
Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States
by Schocken Books Inc., New York. Distributed by Pantheon
Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
Originally published in Great Britain by
MacDonald & Jane’s, London, in 1966,
and in the United States by Schocken Books Inc.
in 1967. Revised edition with a new introduction
published in 1983 by Schocken Books Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bennet, E. A. (Edward Armstrong)
What Jung really said.
Includes index.
1. Psychoanalysis. 2. Jung, C. G. (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961.
I. Title.
BF173.B457 1983 150.19 54 83-42715
ISBN 0-8052-1046-6
Manufactured in the United States of America
[‘95] 9 8 7 6

C O N T E N T S
Introduction / i
Collected Works / 8
Foreword / 9
Preface / 13
Acknowledgments / 14
1 STA G ES IN JU N G ’S CAREER
Basel University / 21
Word Association Experiments / 25
Complex Formation / 27
Freud and Jung Meet / 33
2 PSYCH O LO GICAL TYPES
Freud and Jung: An Interchange of Ideas / 37
The Parting of the Ways / 40
The Origin of Jung’s Typology / 45
Introverts and Extra verts / 50
The Four Functions in Consciousness / 54
/ WHAT JU N G R E A L LY SAID
VI
3 UNCONSCIOUS M EN TA L A C T IV IT Y
The Psychogenesis of Mental Illness / 58
Unconscious Mental Activity / 62
The Personal Unconscious / 63
The Collective Unconscious / 65
Archetype and Instinct / 66
The Hypothesis of the Collective Unconscious and its
Origin / 71
Jung’s Empirical Outlook / 76
4 DREAM S
Two Dreams: Childhood and Old Age / 80
The Dream and the Dreamer / 82
Dream-analysis in Psychotherapy / 85
Types of Dream (a) Initial / 85
(b) Recurrent / 87
(c) Anticipatory / 89
Self-Regulation in Dreams / 91
Compensation: Mental and Physical / 94
Compensation in Analysis / 96
“ Big” Dreams / 98
Amplification / 99
5 OUR IN N ER W ORLD
Dreams and Research / 103
Active Imagination / 106
Spontaneous Art / n o
A Seminar by Jung / 112
Figures in the Unconscious: The Persona / 115
The Shadow / 117
The Anima / 119
The Animus / 128
Contents /
vii
6 TH E W IDEN ING C IR C LE OF JU N G ’S
TH O UGH T
Hypnotism / 137
The Complex in Treatment / 139
The Psychology of the Unconscious / 142
The Current Problem / 144
Transference in the Doctor-patient delation / 148
Jung’s Interest in Alchemy / 155
7 PRESEN T AND FU TU RE
Confrontation with the Unconscious / 162
The Undiscovered Self / 165
The Personality as a Whole: Conscious and
Unconscious / 169
Individuation as a Process. The Self / 171
References / 175
Index / 181
I N T R O D U C T I O N
ANTHONY STORR
Carl Gustav Jung is one of those figufts in psychology of
whom everyone has heard, but whose writings are less famil­
iar. If the bibliography and general index to Jung’s works are
included, the Collected Works consist of no less than twenty
large volumes. The general reader wishing to acquaint him­
self with Jung’s thought is likely to quail before such a large
body of work, and to feel in need of guidance as to where to
begin. What Jung Really Said provides an excellent intro­
duction to Jung’s main ideas in language which anyone can
follow. The late E. A. Bennet was a personal friend of Jung’s,
and often stayed with him and his family in Zurich. They
exchanged ideas both in letters and in personal meetings over
many years, so that what Dr. Bennet has to say has an
authenticity unmatched by other accounts of Jung and his
work.
Jung was born in 1875 and died in 1961. Many of his ideas
and some of the terms he introduced have become incorpo­
rated into psychology without recognition of their origin.
Jung was the first to apply psychoanalytic ideas to the study
of schizophrenia. He introduced the concepts of extraver­
sion and introversion, and the terms complex, archetype,
individuation, and collective unconscious. Jung’s notion of
the mind as a self-regulating system accords well with mod­
ern ideas in physiology and cybernetics. His insistence that
man needed to search for meaning in his life anticipated the
views of the existentialists. Yet Jung’s importance tends to be
underestimated, and those who have not troubled to read his
1
2 / INTRODUCTION
writings often dismiss him as a visionary mystic whose work
is so out of line with experimental psychology that it can be
safely ignored. In fact, as his early research demonstrates,
Jung had a competent grasp of scientific method; but the
bulk of his later work is concerned with areas in which
scientific method cannot be applied. The meaning of life
cannot be quantified, but this does not invalidate man’s
search for meaning. Today, when psychological laboratories
throughout the world are dominated by the experimental
approach, Jung’s insistence that the subjective experience of
the individual is vitally significant is a valuable counter­
balance. Jung believed that individual self-knowledge and
self-development, together with the enhanced capacity for
relationships with others which accompanies this develop­
ment, were the only factors strong enough to resist the
collective dominance of the State. This is what he meant
when he stated that the individual was the carrier of culture.
The whole thrust of Jungian analysis is toward helping the
individual to realize his potentialities, toward facilitating his
becoming more authentically himself. Jung was not con­
cerned with statistical “normality” nor with adaptation to
society’s expectations. Many of his analytic patients were
conventionally successful people with considerable achieve­
ments already behind them, but who had found that such
achievements brought little sense of fulfillment. Faced with
patients of this kind, Jung proffered no ready solutions, but
encouraged them to explore the inner world of dream and
phantasy. By paying serious attention to what was going on
within, the individual could be enabled to rediscover aspects
of his own nature which had been neglected or overlaid, and
thus find again the path of his own authentic development.
Jung named this quest for personal authenticity the “process
of individuation.”
I have elsewhere described individuation as “a kind of