Basic Clinical Anesthesia

695 Pages·2015·29.98 MB·English

by  Paul K. Sikka

Paul K. Sikka
Shawn T. Beaman
James A. Street
Editors
Basic
Clinical Anesthesia
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Basic Clinical Anesthesia
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Paul K. Sikka (cid:129) Shawn T. Beaman (cid:129) James A. Street

Editors
Basic Clinical Anesthesia
Editors
Paul K. Sikka, MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine
Emerson Hospital , Concord , MA , USA
(f ormer faculty Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School )
Shawn T. Beaman, MD
Associate Professor
Associate Residency Program Director
Director of Trauma Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology-Presbyterian Hospital
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
James A. Street, PhD, MD
Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Emerson Hospital , Concord, MA, USA
Associate Professor, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
(f ormer faculty Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School )
ISBN 978-1-4939-1736-5 ISBN 978-1-4939-1737-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1737-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956868
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
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Pr eface
Basic Clinical Anesthesia is designed as an all-in-one resource for medical students, residents,
and practitioners who seek comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of fundamental informa-
tion and core clinical topics in anesthesiology. The book comprises 57 chapters organized into
fi ve parts and addresses ambulatory and non-operating room anesthesia, pain management and
regional anesthesia, preoperative evaluation and intraoperative management, specialty anes-
thesia, and critical care. It encompasses the full range of anesthetic knowledge from clinically
relevant basic science including system physiology and pharmacology to the anesthetic man-
agement of very sick patients. Experts have written each chapter to enable new and seasoned
anesthesia practitioners alike to keep abreast of the latest information.
A great effort has been made to present information in a succinct and easy-to-read style, and
numerous tables and color images and illustrations enhance the text. Multiple choice questions
at the end of each chapter allow readers to test themselves and quickly review important facts.
We are pleased to present this brand new textbook and hope that it proves useful to anesthe-
siology residents, practitioners, and medical students as a core text, a clinical refresher, and/or
an examination preparation tool. The editors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the
chapter authors and the editorial staff at Springer Science+Business Media. We welcome read-
ers’ constructive suggestions to improve the book in future editions and can be reached at the
email below.
E-mail: [email protected]
Concord, MA, USA Paul K. Sikka
Pittsburgh, PA, USA Shawn T. Beaman
Concord, MA, USA James A. Street
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Contents
Part I The Basics
1 History of Anesthesia ............................................................................................. 3
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2 Preoperative Evaluation ........................................................................................ 7
Ursula A. Galway
3 Approach to Anesthesia ......................................................................................... 17
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4 Perioperative Airway Management ...................................................................... 23
Samuel Irefi n and Tatyana Kopyeva
5 Anesthesia Machine ............................................................................................... 45
Preet Mohinder Singh, Dipal Shah, and Ashish Sinha
6 Patient Monitoring ................................................................................................. 69
Benjamin Grable and Theresa A. Gelzinis
7 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance ............................................................................... 89
Patrick Hackett and Michael P. Mangione
8 Transfusion Medicine ............................................................................................ 101
Matthew A. Joy, Yashar Eshraghi, Maxim Novikov, and Andrew Bauer
Part II Anesthetic Pharmacology
9 Mechanisms of Anesthetic Action ......................................................................... 119
Daniela Damian and Andrew Herlich
10 Inhalational Anesthetics ........................................................................................ 123
Lee Neubert and Ashish Sinha
11 Intravenous Induction Agents ............................................................................... 131
Dustin J. Jackson and Patrick J. Forte
12 Opioids and Benzodiazepines................................................................................ 139
James C. Krakowski and Steven L. Orebaugh
13 Neuromuscular Blocking and Reversal Agents ................................................... 151
Emily L. Sturgill and Neal F. Campbell
14 Antiemetics ............................................................................................................. 159
Wendy A. Haft and Richard McAffee
15 NSAIDs and Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists .......................................................... 165
Stephen M. McHugh and David G. Metro
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16 Diuretics .................................................................................................................. 169
Daniel S. Cormican and Shawn T. Beaman
17 Cardiovascular Pharmacology.............................................................................. 175
Ali R. Abdullah and Todd M. Oravitz
18 Local Anesthetics .................................................................................................... 185
John E. Tetzlaff
19 Allergic Reactions .................................................................................................. 197
Scott M. Ross and Mario I. Montoya
20 Drug Interactions ................................................................................................... 203
Ana Maria Manrique-Espinel and Erin A. Sullivan
Part III Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
21 Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia ............................................................................ 211
John H. Turnbull and Pedram Aleshi
22 Peripheral Nerve Blocks ........................................................................................ 233
Michael Tom and Thomas M. Halaszynski
23 Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks ..................................................... 253
Thomas M. Halaszynski and Michael Tom
24 Pain Management .................................................................................................. 265
Ramana K. Naidu and Thoha M. Pham
25 Orthopedic Anesthesia ........................................................................................... 297
Tiffany Sun Moon and Pedram Aleshi
Part IV Specialty Anesthesia
26 Cardiac Anesthesia................................................................................................. 311
Mahesh Sardesai
27 Vascular Anesthesia ............................................................................................... 355
Joshua Hensley and Kathirvel Subramaniam
28 Thoracic Anesthesia ............................................................................................... 363
Lundy Campbell and Jeffrey A. Katz
29 Neuroanesthesia ..................................................................................................... 397
Brian Gierl and Ferenc Gyulai
30 Ambulatory Anesthesia ......................................................................................... 415
Preet Mohinder Singh , Shubhangi Arora, and Ashish Sinha
31 Non-operating Room Anesthesia .......................................................................... 421
Carlee Clark
32 Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Diseases ................................................................. 429
Kasia Petelenz Rubin
33 Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases ........................................................................ 441
Arielle Butterly and Edward A. Bittner
34 Endocrine Diseases................................................................................................. 459
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Contents ix
35 Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases .......................................................... 469
Brian Gierl and Ferenc Gyulai
36 Ophthalmic Surgery .............................................................................................. 483
Scott Berry and Kristin Ondecko Ligda
37 Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery ............................................................................. 489
M. Christopher Adams and Edward A. Bittner
38 Obstetric Anesthesia .............................................................................................. 501
Manasi Badve and Manuel C. Vallejo
39 Pediatric Anesthesia ............................................................................................... 529
Terrance Allan Yemen and Christopher Stemland
40 Critical Care ........................................................................................................... 549
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41 Postoperative Anesthesia Care .............................................................................. 575
Maged Argalious
Part V Special Anesthesia Topics
42 Obesity .................................................................................................................. 587
Ricky Harika and Cynthia Wells
43 The Elderly Patient ................................................................................................ 593
Preet Mohinder Singh and Ashish Sinha
44 Pulmonary Aspiration and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ...................... 603
Paul C. Anderson and Li Meng
45 Acid Base Balance .................................................................................................. 609
Kristi D. Langston and Jonathan H. Waters
46 Trauma .................................................................................................................. 615
Phillip Adams and James G. Cain
47 Spine Surgery ......................................................................................................... 623
Pulsar Li and Laura Ferguson
48 Robotic Surgery ..................................................................................................... 627
Kyle Smith and Raymond M. Planinsic
49 Patient Positioning and Common Nerve Injuries ............................................... 631
Jonathan Estes and Ryan C. Romeo
50 Substance Abuse ..................................................................................................... 637
Daniel J. Ford and Thomas M. Chalifoux
51 Awareness Under Anesthesia ................................................................................ 643
Tiffany Lonchena and Cynthia Wells
52 Infectious Diseases ................................................................................................. 647
Seth R. Cohen and Kristin Ondecko Ligda
53 Alternative Medicine and Anesthesia ................................................................... 653
E. Gail Shaffer and Patricia L. Dalby
54 Cosmetic Surgery ................................................................................................... 657
Jessica O’Connor and Patricia L. Dalby