Det tekniska spelet

231 Pages·2011·1.7 MB·Swedish

SKRIFTER FRÅN INSTITUTIONEN FÖR ARBETSVETENSKAP NR 10

Det tekniska spelet
Förhandlingar om arbete, teknik och kön i relation till införande av nya
informationssystem

Frida Wikstrand
© Frida Wikstrand
Malmö 2011
ISBN: 978-91-979299-1-2
ISSN: 1651-6125
Avhandlingen finns även i fulltext på:
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/24102

Omslagsbild: Aase Torstensson
Tryck: Geson Hylte Tryck, Göteborg 2011
Abstract
Title: The technical game. Negotiation of work, technology and gender in relation to the
introduction of new information systems
Language: Swedish with an English summary
Keywords: Gender, femininities, masculinities, new technology, nurses, negotiation, gender
division of labor, symbolic gender, gender identity, mirroring process, life story,
work identity, everyday practices, ICT
ISBN: 978-91-979299-1-2
This thesis aims to study how information systems are received and interpreted by the employees
of two organizations: the Hospital and Electricity company. I am interested in how work tasks
and professional identities at these workplaces are coded by class and gender, and whether - and
if so how - these encodings or constructions affect how employees perceive the information sys-
tems and the changes brought about by the new information system. Furthermore, the aim is to
explain how the organizational context affects the way in which a new information system is re-
ceived and interpreted, and how this is affected by the construction of masculinities and feminini-
ties. 35 life story interviews were conducted at the two workplaces. The interviews were focused
on the effects, on the everyday- and working life of employees, brought about by the introduc-
tion of new information systems: the electronic journal Melior at the Hospital and the business
system SAP at the Electricity Company. Another focus dealt with if – and if so, how, -the new
technology had impact on the relationship with other occupational groups and professionals at
the workplace.
As its starting point, the dissertation adopts a theoretical patchwork based on Hardings’
three processes: genders symbolism, gender structure and individual gender. The concepts femininities and
masculinities are used to discuss and analyze constructions of identities at work. The process of
division of labor and concepts of professional closures are used to analyze negotiations within and
between different groups. A theoretical concept, mirroring processes, is used to show how different
parts of an individual’s life are linked together and how structures in different part of life repro-
duce and strengthen each other.
The thesis argues that various organizational circumstances have an impact on how em-
ployees receive and interpret the new technology. From the perspective of class and gender, it
becomes evident how technology is not simply ascribed different roles at different workplaces.
These roles are also assigned a symbolic value that is largely based on gender. It is also clear that
the role assigned to technology depends on the division of labor and may, in turn, influence the
current division of labor at the workplace through negotiations concerning the new technology.
It becomes clear that gender- and class structures are produced and reproduced through negotia-
tions and the employees' handling of the new information systems. The thesis argues that the
interviewees’ construction of professional identities influence their understanding of changes in
their own work when new information systems have been introduced. The dissertation also ar-
gues that the way femininities and masculinities are constructed within professional identities
affect how employees view their work and the new technology.

INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING
FÖRORD
KAPITEL 1
INLEDNING .............................................................................................................................. 15
KAPITEL 2
BAKGRUND EN PRESENTATION AV ARBETSPLATSERNA ................................. 17
SJUKHUSET ............................................................................................................................... 17
ELBOLAGET .............................................................................................................................. 26
KAPITEL 3
SYFTE, FRÅGESTÄLLNINGAR OCH AVHANDLINGENS DISPOSITION.......... 35
DISPOSITION ............................................................................................................................ 35
KAPITEL 4
TIDIGARE FORSKNING ....................................................................................................... 37
ETT BRETT FORSKNINGSFÄLT – FORSKNING OM IT, MAKT OCH ARBETSMILJÖ ............ 37
IT KONSTRUERAS SOCIALT .................................................................................................... 39
TEKNIKIMPLEMENTERINGAR, KÖN OCH KLASS ................................................................. 44
YRKESIDENTITET OCH STATUS ............................................................................................. 50
SAMMANFATTANDE DISKUSSION AV TIDIGARE FORSKNING ........................................... 52
KAPITEL 5
METOD OCH METODOLOGI ............................................................................................ 55
INLEDNING .............................................................................................................................. 55
LIVSBERÄTTELSEFORSKNING ................................................................................................ 56
FALLSTUDIER ........................................................................................................................... 62
URVALSPROCESSEN ................................................................................................................. 64
HUR JAG HAR GÅTT TILL VÄGA ............................................................................................. 67
ETISKA ÖVERVÄGANDEN ...................................................................................................... 69
KAPIEL 6
TEORETISKA UTGÅNGSPUNKTER ................................................................................ 71
ETT TEORETISKT LAPPTÄCKE ............................................................................................... 71
SYMBOLISKT KÖN .................................................................................................................... 81
KÖNSARBETSDELNINGEN OCH ARBETSDELNINGEN ........................................................ 82
KONSTRUKTION AV YRKES- OCH KÖNSIDENTITETER ...................................................... 89
SPEGLINGSPROCESSER I VARDAGEN .................................................................................... 92
ATT SE NYANSERNA I LAPPTÄCKET ...................................................................................... 93
KAPITEL 7
EXEMPLET SJUKSKÖTERSKOR ....................................................................................... 95
FORSKNING OM SJUKSKÖTERSKORS ARBETE ..................................................................... 95
SJUKSKÖTERSKORNAS ARBETE ............................................................................................. 98
OM DOKUMENTATIONEN PÅ SJUKHUSET ......................................................................... 103
KARRIÄRVALET – OM ATT BLI ETT OMVÅRDANDE SUBJEKT .......................................... 110
RELATIONER TILL ANDRA YRKESGRUPPER OCH PROFESSIONER .................................. 115
TALET OM OMVÅRDNAD OCH KONSTRUKTION AV FEMININITETER ............................ 120
UNDERSKÖTERSKORNA ....................................................................................................... 126
LÄKARNA ................................................................................................................................ 130
TEKNIKEN OCH SÄRHÅLLNING AV YRKESGRUPPER ........................................................ 133
IFRÅGASATT PROFESSIONELL ETIK .................................................................................... 135
OM NY TEKNIK, ÅLDER OCH KÖN ...................................................................................... 138
DISKUSSION - EXEMPLET SJUKSKÖTERSKOR .................................................................... 140
KAPITEL 8
EXEMPLET TEKNISKA TJÄNSTEMÄN ........................................................................ 143
FORSKNING OM TEKNIKER OCH INGENJÖRER ................................................................ 143
DE TEKNISKA TJÄNSTEMÄNNENS ARBETE ....................................................................... 145
VÄGEN TILL KONTORET OCH TALET OM KLASSRESAN ................................................... 147
KONSTRUKTION AV YRKESIDENTITET .............................................................................. 150
KLASS OCH KÖN PÅ ELBOLAGET ........................................................................................ 152
KONSTRUKTION AV MASKULINITET OCH FÖRHANDLINGAR OM SAP ......................... 160
ADMINISTRATÖRERNA ......................................................................................................... 162
INGENJÖRER OCH SPECIALISTER ........................................................................................ 166
KONSTRUKTIONEN AV YRKESIDENTITET OCH ADMINISTRATIVA SYSTEM .................. 170
ATT HANTERAR FÖRÄNDRINGAR I DET EGNA ARBETET ................................................. 175
DISKUSSION - EXEMPLET TEKNISKA TJÄNSTEMÄN ......................................................... 176
KAPITEL 9
SAMMANFATTANDE ANALYS ........................................................................................ 181
ORGANISATORISKA FÖRUTSÄTTNINGAR ........................................................................... 181
REPRODUKTION AV KÖNS- OCH KLASSTRUKTURER ........................................................ 185
YRKESIDENTITETER OCH FÖRÄNDRINGAR I ARBETET ................................................... 187
FÖRHANDLINGAR UTIFRÅN MASKULINITETER OCH FEMININITETER .......................... 191
KAPITEL 10
AVSLUTANDE DISKUSSION ............................................................................................ 197
BRYTPUNKTER ....................................................................................................................... 198
OM INDIVIDUELLT ANSVAR ................................................................................................. 200
SPEGLINGSPROCESSER .......................................................................................................... 201
AVSLUTNINGSVIS ................................................................................................................... 203
SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 205
LITTERATUR ............................................................................................................................... 213

FIGUR- OCH TABELLFÖRTECKNING
Figurförteckning
Figur 6.1:
Professionella stängningsförsök s. 85
Tabellförteckning
Tabell: 2.1
Meliors funktioner s. 18
Tabell: 5.1
Intervjuer genomförda på Sjukhuset, Infektionsavdelningen s. 66
Tabell: 5.2
Intervjuer genomförda på Sjukhuset, Akutmottagningen s. 66
Tabell: 5.3
Intervjuer genomförda på Elbolaget, Huvudkontoret s. 67
Tabell: 5.4
Intervjuer genomförda på Elbolaget, Lokalkontoret s. 67
Tabell 9.1
Organisatoriska förutsättningar s. 182