Table Of ContentEh・t,-a, 「〔)k、・o,31(1):1-30.June30,2003
DescriptionsofDonaciineLarvae(Coleoptera,
Chrysomelidae) fromJapan
YukihiroNARITA
1-10-23,Sakuragawa,Mite,310-0801Japan
Abstract Thelarvaeo「eighteenspeciesofthechrysomelidsubfamilyDonaci-
inaeoccurringinJapanaredescribedandillustrated.Diagnosticcharactersofthetwogen-
era,Platetl,ital・IsandDo11acla,arediscussedfromthemorphologicalpointofview.
Introduction
TheDonaciinaeisoneofthesubfamiliesoftheChrysomelidae,comprisingabout
160speciesintheworld. 0fthese,23speciesbelongingtothreegenera(Mac1-oplea,
DonaciaandPlateMna1・is)havebeenrecorded fromJapan.
The adult beetles and their larvaeare found in or around the waters. The larvae
arestickingtotherootsofaquaticplantswiththehookofthe8thabdominalsegment,
obtainingoxygenfromthemandfeedingonthem.Mostspeciescompletetheirlifecy-
cleswithinthewatersandseldom leave from there.Sincethebeetlesstrictlydepend
ontheirhostplants,itispossibletoestimateenvironmentalconditionsinthepast from
fossilremainsofthisgroup.Besides,thisgroupofbeetlesarealsousedasanindicator
ofthepresentenvironment.A fewspecieshavebeenreportedtobeinjurioustorice
plantsand lotus roots, themost important ofthem beingconsidered to be Donacla
pl'ovostiiaswasreportedbyMlsUMl (1935),NlsHIoetal. (1959)andUcHIDA(1964).
Thedamageis,however,negligibleatpresent.
Incontrasttothewelldocumentedadultecologicalobservationsdescribedabove,
morphological studiesonthe larvaehavebeen lesssatisfactory, except fora few im-
portantstudiesbyHAYAsHI (1959),KANAzAwA(1985),NARITA(1989)andLEE(1991).
Moreover,phylogeneticscrutinyatthegenericlevelhasneverbeenmade,probablybe-
causeofdifficultyindealingwithmanyspeciesatthesametime.
Inthepresentpaper Iwilldescribethelastinstarlarvaeof l8speciesand3sub-
speciesbelongingtotwogenera(DonaclaandPlateunlaris) occurringinJapan,and
willgiveakeytothespeciesatthelarvalstage.Allthematerialsexaminedwerecol-
lectedorrearedbymyself.
In thecourseofthisstudy, thestructureofhead-capsule, antennae,mouth-parts,
spiraclesofthe8thabdominalsegmentandasclerotizedshapeofprothoracicshield
were foundtobeoftaxonomicimportance.Theterminologyused inthispaper isex-
plained by the diagrams in Fig. 1. The arrangement of species follows that of
2 YukihiroNARITA
ASKEV0LD 990 99
Results
MorphologicalCharacteristicsoftheLarvaeoftheDonaciinae
(Figs.1A-F)
ThelarvaeoftheDonaciinaearegenerallycharacterizedbythefollowingpoints:
Body(Fig.1A)spindle-shape moreorlessshiny,ventrallyarcuate, eshy,cov-
eredentirelywithfinepubescence;headandthoraciclegsverysmall;8thabdominal
segmentequippedwithapairofhook-shapedspiracles(Fig.1F)ondorsum;9thab-
dominalsegmentextremelysmallandindistinct.
Headcapsule(Figs. lB-D)rounde widestnear themiddleindorsalview, and
1.5to3timesaswideasthebase;dorso-posteriormarginmoderatelyorstronglyarcu-
ate forwards; frontalsutures colorless, indistinct; endocarinaabsent; stemmatabasi-
callyfiveinnumberoneachsideofheadandarrangedintwogroups(threeinanterior
andtwoinposterior),thoughbecomingindistinctordisappearingontheapproachof
thepupal period. Antennal articulatingmembranewell elevated. Antennaecompara-
tivelysmall,3-segmente locateddorso-1aterally,theistsegmentmuchlargerthanthe
othersegments,bearingatransverseseriesofseveralsensillainthemiddle, the2nd
furnishedwithaconicalsensoryappendageontheapical disc, the3rd truncatedapi-
cally,slightlyshorter thanthesensoryappendage, furnishedwithathinandastout
setaeat theapex. Labrum lessthan twiceas wideas long; anteriormarginnearly
straightorbroadlyretracted;dorsumwithtwoorthreerowsofsetaeandafewsensilla.
Epipharynxwithatransverseseriesofsetaenearanteriormargin,whichconsistsof
twoor threepairsofshortsetae(mediansetae)at themedianpartandapairoflong
setae(lateralsetae)at thelateralparts.Mandiblesnearlytriangular,bidentateapically
(dorso-apica1toothandventro-apica1tooth),usually furnishedwithaseriesofsmall
teethalong the cuttingedgebehinddorso-apica1tooth, but occasionally obsolete;
molarpartnotdeve1ope bearingtwosetaeandafewsensillaonthedorsalsurface.
Maxillae(Fig.1E)moreor lessslender,widelyseparated fromeachotherbyawell
developedlabium;palpifer larger thanthe istsegmentofpalpus,bearingtwo long
setae;palpus3-segmente decreasinginlengthtowardsthe3rd;malawithasetaand
twoorthreespineswhicharehighlyspecializedin form, the formerrather ligulate
(knife-shapedseta), thelatterconsistingofastoutspineandoneor twothinspines.
Labial palpi widelyseparated fromeachother,1-segmente Labia-hypopharyngea1
areawithsensillaandsetiferoussensilla,ornumerousmicrotrichiainhypopharyngea1
area,ligulanotdeveloped.
Prothoracicsegmentabout15timesaswideaslongindorsal view;tergumwith
aU-shapedshie1 whichisscatteredwithanumberofsclerotizedpatches. Legssimi-
lar tooneanother;coxaeapproaching toeachother; trochantersmall; femur longer
thantibiaexceptinafewspecies,bearingalongsetanearthetip.
DonaciineLarvaefromJapan
Abdominalsegmentsexcept forthe8thand9thclearlydividedintothreeparts
(tergum,pleurum,sternum)bytwolongitudinalgrooves;tergumwithtwotransverse
tubercles.Allthetuberclessuffusedwithsetaeexcept inthespiraculararea.
TribePlateumarini
PlateumarisakiensisToMINAGAetKATsURA,1984
(Figs2A,3A,4A.5A,6A,8A,9A,10A)
Bodyabout105mminlength,milkywhite.
Headcapsule(Fig 2A)about0.50mminbreadth,moreor lessparallel-sidedin
dorsalview,abouttwiceaswideasthebase;dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswithapair
ofsetaeandthreepairsofsensilla, respectively; fronswithsixpairsofsetaeandtwo
pairsofsensilla,stemmatawithfivespotsoneachside.Antennae(Fig 3A)withthe
1st,2ndand3rdsegmentsintheratioof1:0.57:0.24inlength;1stalittleshorterthan
width;2ndalittleshorter thanwidth, furnishedwithtwominutesensilla,thesensory
appendagebeinglarge,projectingwellbeyond3rdsegment,andaboutahalflonger
than2nd.Clypeuswithonlyapairofsetaeandapairofsensilla.Labrumwithanterior
marginslightlypointedatmedianpartandbroadlyroundedatanteriorcorners;dorsum
with foursetaeandasensillumonlateralhalfasshowninFig 4A.Epipharynxwith
threepairsofmedianandapairoflateralsetae,themediansetaecloselyset,arranged
asshown inFig 5A. Mandibles(Fig 6A)obscurely serrated behind dorso-apica1
tooth;dorsalsurfacewiththreesensilla.Maxillae(Fig 8A)withstipesbearingasen-
sillum;palpiferwithasensillum;2ndsegmentofpalpuswithasensillum,andalittle
shorterthan3rd;3rdwithoutsensilla;malawithaknife-shapedseta0.6timesaslong
aspalpus,bearingashortsetaandtwosensilla.Labia-hypopharyngea1areawith four
sensillaandtwosetiferoussensilladistributedasshowninFig 9A.
Prothoracictergum(Fig.10A)withpairedscleriteswhichareweaklysclerotized
andwhollybearsetaeexcept forsclerotizedarea.Legscomparativelysmall.Hooksof
8thabdominalsegmentabout1.7timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
Host. Cal'exotaruenslsFRANCH.
Specimens examined 6 exs., Nishi-yahatabara, Geihoku-cho, HiroshimaProf.,
2-VI-1990,Y.NARITAleg.
Plateu,,farlscons加'cfico//l'scons加'cfico//fs(JACOBY,1885)
(Figs 2B 3B,4B5B,6B,8B,9B.10B)
Bodyabout13.0mminlength,milkywhite.
Headcapsule(Fig 2B)about 0.57mminbreadth, parallel-sided indorsalview,
about16timesaswideasthebase;dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswith fourpairsof
setaeandtwopairsofsensilla,respectively; fronswithsixpairsofsetaeandtwopairs
3B)withtheist,2ndand3rdsegmentsintheratioof1:
ofsensilla. Antennae(Fig
YukihiroNARITA
0.76:0.28inlength;1stalittleshorterthanwidth;2ndaslongaswide, furnishedwith
twominutesensilla,thesensoryappendagehardlyprojectingbeyond3rdsegment,and
slightlymorethanahalfaslongas2nd.Labrumwithanteriormarginslightlypointed
at medianpart; dorsumwith foursetaeand four sensillaon lateral halfasshown in
Fig4B.Epipharynxwiththreepairsofmedianandapairoflateralsetaearrangedas
showninFig 5B.Mandibles(Fig 6B)withextremelysmallteethbehinddorso-apica1
tooth:dorsalsurfacewiththreesensilla.Maxillae(Fig 8B)withstipesbearingasen-
sillum;palpiferwithasensillum;1stsegmentofpalpusabouttwiceaslongas2ndor
3rd;2ndwithoutsensilla;3rdwithoutsensilla;knife-shapedsetaofmala0.6timesas
longaspalpus.Labia-hypopharyngeaIareawithtwosetiferoussensillaandmanymi-
crotrichiadistributedasshowninFig9B.
Prothoracictergum(Fig.10B)withpairedscleriteswhichareweaklysclerotized
onthewhole.Legscomparativelysmall,tarsalclawsthickatbases.
Abdominalsetaestiffanddarkbrown.Hooksofthe8thabdominalsegmentabout
1.9timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
Host. Cal・exsp.
Specimensexamined. 5 exs., near 0-numa,Nanai-machi, Hokkaido, 2-VII-
i989,Y.NARITAleg.
PlateumarisconstricticollisbabaiCHOJ0,1959
(Figs2C3C,4C.5C、6C,8C9C,IOC)
Similartothesubsp.const1・ictico11is,butdifferingasfollow:
Bodyabout12.0mminlength;Headcapsule(Fig 2C)about0.60mminbreadth;
dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswithfivepairsofsetaeandthreepairsofsensilla, re-
spectively; fronswithfourpairsofsetaeandapairofsensilla.Maxillae(Fig 8C)with
2ndsegmentofpalpusbearingasensillum;malawithaknife-shapedseta0.4timesas
longaspalpus.
Abdominalsetaeso量andpaleyellow.Hooksof8thabdominalsegmentabout2.3
timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
ost. Ca''e f/llM ergliSTEUD.
Specimensexamined. 7exs.,nearFuru-ike,Shinano-machi,NaganoPref.,18-
VI-1989,Y.NARITAleg;5exs., 0kami,Satomi-mura,IbarakiPref.,5-VIII-1999,Y.
NARITAleg.
Fig. l. LarvaofDonaclasp/e11de11s1/i1l1・ell.(headcapsuleandmaxillaareaspectinslide-mountedspeci-
men). - A, Larva(lateral vie、v):B head(dorsalview)(ant:antenna:cl:clypeus; lb: labrum;st:
stemmata); C ditto (ventral view) (ca:cardo; lab: labium; mxa: maxillaryarticulating area: sti:
stipes); D ditto(lateral view)(ant:antenna,cl:clypcus; lb:labrum;st:stemmata);c left maxilla
(ventralview)(ks:knife-shapedseta;mp:maxillarypalpus; l,2,3:1st,2ndand3rdsegmentsofpal-
pus:pf:palpifer;sti:stipes,tm:thinmala);F,hooksof8thabdominalsegment(a:width,b:length).
DonaciineLarvaefromJapan
YukihiroNARITA
Plateumarisco'tstricticollistoyame'tsisTOMINAGAetKATsURA,1984
(Figs2D,3D,4D,5D,6D,8D,9D ieD)
Bodyabout12.0mminlength.Headcapsule(Fig2D)about0.55mminbreadth;
dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswithtwopairsofsetaeandapairofsensilla, respec-
tively; fronswithsixpairsofsetaeandtwopairsofsensilla.Antennae(Fig 3D)with
theist,2ndand3rdsegmentsintheratioof1:0.46:0.36inlength;1stshorterthan
width.Maxillae(Fig 8D)with2ndsegmentofpalpusbearingasensillum;3rdwitha
sensillum.Labia-hypopharyngea1areawithtwosensillaandsomemicrotrichiadistrib-
utedasshowninFig 9D.
Prothoracictergum (Fig. 10D) withmediangrooveclearly visible. Legswith
tarsalclawsweaklyarcuate.Abdominalsetaerelativelyweak.Hooksof8thabdominal
segmentabout2.2timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
Host. Cal・e)csp.
Specimensexamined. 6exs.,nearOkugahora,Miyagawa-mura,GifuProf.,4-
VI-1991,Y.NARITAleg.
PlateumarisconstricticollischugokuensisToMINAGAetKATsURA,1984
(Figs2E,3E,4E,5E,6E,8E,9E,10E)
Similartothesubsp.constrictlco111s,butdifferingasfollows:
Bodyabout105mminlength.Headcapsule(Fig 2E)about0.44mminbreadth,
moderatelyconvergentposteriad;anteriormarginof fronsnearlystraight;dorsalsur-
faceandlateralsideswiththreepairsofsetaeandtwopairsofsensilla,respectively;
fronswithsixpairsofmoreor lessstrongsetaeandapairofsensilla. Labrumwith
foursetaeandtwosensillainlateralhalfasshowninFig4E.Maxillae(Fig 8E)with
aknife-shapedsetaofmala0.5timesaslongaspalpus,bearingtwoshortsetaeanda
sensillum;2ndsegmentofpalpuswithasensillum.Labia-hypopharyngea1areawith
foursensillaandtwosetifeoussensilladistributedasshowninFig 9E.
Legswithtarsalclawshort.Abdominalsetaeweak.Hooksof8thabdominalseg_
mentabout2.2timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
OSf. SCI「ptiSSP.
Specimense:lcamlned. 12exs., Tonomine, 0kawachi-cho,HyogoPref., 2-V-
I988.Y.NARITAleg.
Fig. 2. Heads(so:sensilla;st:stemmata). - A,P/afe1Mla1・IsaA,1e,1.1,Is; B, co11sf,-1cflco//Isco,1sr,・fori_
col/Is;C, c. a a1;D, c fol'a1'1ensfs;E, c.c/1ilgoA,1lensls;F, 11・e1se1;G, so,・toea: H. s1/11・a_
/Ia「al;I, .Oleo/o''leo''11s;J, .olaf'a''eala,' K, e1,1o/a; L, ./11,-r11/″l tie・lails;M, .Japana;N,
. .
f; 'afs″l 'al; 0, . '7M 1o1';P, .sf蛎1ganl g・,aci/lpes Q .1,11/gal-Is;R, . 0・cists; S, fe,に1;T,
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YukihiroNARITA
Plateunlarisweisei(DUvlv1ER,1885)
(Figs2F,3F,4F,5F,6F,8F,9F ieF)
Bodyabout9.0mminlength,palewhite.
Headcapsule(Fig 2F)about0.53mminbreadth,moreor lesswidenedposteri-
orlyindorsalview,about1.7timesaswideasthebase;dorsalsurfaceandlateralsides
withfivepairsofsetaeandtwopairsofsensilla,respectively; fronswithfivepairsof
setaeandapairofsensilla.Antennae(Fig 3F)withtheist,2ndand3rdsegmentsin
theratioof1:0.57:0.33inlength;1stalittlelonger thanwidth;2ndaslongaswide,
furnishedwithtwominutesensilla,thesensoryappendageprojectingwellbeyond3rd,
andaboutaslongas2nd.Labrumwithanteriormarginslightlypointedatmedianpart
androundedattheanteriorcomers,dorsumwith foursetaeandtwosensillaonlateral
halfasshowninFig 4F.Epipharynxwithanteriormarginrounded,bearingthreepairs
ofmedianandapairoflateralsetaearrangedasshowninFig 5F. Mandibles(Fig 6F)
withsmall vanishingtoothofdorsalcuttingedge; dorsalsurfacewiththreesensilla.
Maxillae(Fig 8F)withstipesbearingasensillum;palpiferwithasensillum;2ndseg-
mentofpalpuswithasensillum,andaslongas3rd;3rdwithasensillum;malawitha
knife-shapedseta0.6timesaslongaspalpus.Labia-hypopharyngea1areawith four
sensilla,twosetiferoussensillaandafewmicrotrichiadistributedasshowninFig9F.
Prothoracictergum(Fig.10F)withpairedscleriteswhichareweaklysclerotize
thoughmoderatelysclerotizedbasally.Legswithtarsalclawnearlystraight.Hooksof
8thabdominalsegmentabout2.2timesaslongasthebasalwidth.
Host. CarexmlddendorffiiFR.ScHM.
Specimensexamined 5exs.,Aka-numa,Kushiro-shitsugen,Hokkaido,24-VII-
i991,Y.NARITAleg.
Plateumarisseric'ea(LINNAEUS,1768)
(Figs2G,3G,4G,5G,6G,8G,9G,10G)
Bodyabout8.0mminlength,milkywhite.
Headcapsule(Fig 2G)about0.52mminbreadth,nearlytwiceaswideasthe
base;dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswithfourpairsofsetaeandapairofsensilla,re-
spectively;fronswiththreepairsofsetaeandtwopairsofsensilla.Antennae(Fjg3G)
withtheist,2ndand3rdsegmentsintheratioof1:0.42:0.29inlength;1stalittle
longerthanwide;2ndalittleshorterthanwide, furnishedwithtwominutesensilla,the
sensoryappendagehardlyprojectingbeyond3rd,andaboutaslongas2nd. Labrum
withanteriormarginwaved;dorsumwith foursetaeandtwosensillaonlateralhalfas
Fi9. 3. Antenna(rightdorsalview). - A,P/atoll,na・,isakietlsis;B,1)const1-1ctlco111sconst,・ictico111s;
C, c. aOa1;D, c fol'a'11ens1s;E, c.c1/llgo人1-le11sls;F, 1l,e1sel;G, so,-lcea;H, sill,-a1/ara1; I,
; 0'1acla ico/o''leo'''11s;J, olaf,a・,calli;K, .fe,no/a; L, ./11,,r11/ll,lie・,ails;M, . mapa11a N . ,a-
「sit''al;0, .川「1olio'';PO.sparga,111g・,ac1/lpes;Q, .spic,1de,Is7/111,・al;R, .vll/ga,-fs;S, .ozensis;
T,D.lenzi;U,D.p,・o、,ostli.
DonaciineLarvaefromJapan
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10 YukihiroNARITA
ShowninFig.4G.Epipharynxwithposteriorcornersangulate,bearingtwopairsof
medianandtwopairsoflateralsetaearrangedasshowninFig 5G.Mandibles(Fig.
6G)clearlyserratedbehinddorso-apica1tooth,dorsalsurfacewiththreesensj11a.Max_
iliac(Fig8G)withstipesbearingasensillum;palpiferwithoutsensilla;2ndsegment
ofpalpuswithasensillum,andaboutahalfaslongas3rd;3rdwithasensillum;mala
withaknife-shapedseta0.8timesaslongaspalpus.Labia-hypopharyngea1areawith
foursensilla,twosetiferoussensillaandsomemicrotrichiadistributedasshowninFig.
8G.
Prothoracictergum(Fig.10G)withpairedscleriteswhichareuniformlysclero-
tized.Legswithtarsalclawsthickatthebases.Hooksof8thabdominalsegmentabout
2.2timesaswideasthebasal width.
OS「. Ca''e lSpafafaB00TT.Sclrpifs ハt 'fa「lffs(TORR)A.GRAY.
Specimensex:;amlned. 22exs., Kotoku-numa,Urizura-machi, Ibaraki Pref., 3_
IX-1989,Y.NARITAleg.
Plateulltarissllira1latai KIMoTo_1971
(Figs 2H 3H,4H,5H,6H 8H,9H,10H)
Bodyabout12.0mminlength,palewhite.
Headcapsule(Fig 2H)about0.57mminbreadth,slightlywidenedposteriorlyin
dorsal view,nearlytwiceaswideasthebase;dorsalsurfaceandlateralsideswithfour
pairsofsetaeandapairofsensilla,respectively; fronswithfourpairsofsetaeanda
pairofsensilla.Antennae(Fig 3H)withtheist,2ndand3rdsegmentsintheratioof
1:0.46:0.25inlength;1staslongaswide;2ndaslongaswide, furnishedwithtwo
minutesensilla, thesensoryappendageaslongas3rdandshorterthan2nd.Labrum
withanteriormarginretractedatmedianpart;dorsumwiththreesetaeandtwosensilla
onlateralhalfasshowninFig 4H.Epipharynxwithanteriormarginwave bearing
twopairsofmedianand twopairsoflateralsetaearrangedasshowninFig 5H.
Mandibles (Fig 6H)moderatelyserratedbehinddorso-apica1tooth. Maxillae(Fig.
8H)withstipesbearingasensillum;palpiferwithasensillum;2ndsegmentofpalpus
aslongas3r bearingasensillum;3rdwithasensillum;malawithaknife-shapedseta
0.7timesaslongaspalpus. Labia-hypopharyngea1areawith twosensillaand two
setiferoussensilladistributedasshowninFig9H.
Prothoracictergum(Fig.10H)withpairedscleriteswhichareweaklysclerotized.
Legscomparativelysmall;tarsalclawsthickatbases.Hooksof8thabdominalsegment
about2.0timesaswideasthebasalwidth.
Host. Ca,-e_、-sp.
Fig. 4. ClypeusandLabrum. - A,P/arelma,・IsaAfensls;B, co11sr1fcf1co//Isconsr・,1c1rco//Is:c, c
aフ/al;D, c.「01'a,nensls;E, c.c/1llgoA,lle11sl.s,;F, it・else1;G, so・,toea;H, sill,・a1/ara1;I, 0,facia
ice/o''leo''11s;J, .olaf,al-calli;K, e111o/a; L, ./711-'1ソIll,71e・,ails;M, ./apa,Ia;N, A,ars-a1; 0,
. .
.川「Idle'';P, .spat'ga1111gl'ad/11りos;Q, _Ip/e'1de11s1/1111'al;R, .、,il/ga,・Is;S, ote,Isis:T, /e,1z1;
.
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