Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1993: Vol 22 Index

19 Pages·1993·3.3 MB·English

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Volume 22
March NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY II, pages 1-180
June ENDOCRINE CRISES, pages 181-453
September ADOLESCENT ENDOCRINOLOGY, pages 455-707
December GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES IN MEDICINE,
pages 709-971
Note: Page numbers of issue and article titles are in boldface type
Acid-base, abnormalities of, in diabetic Adrenal cortex, in pregnancy, adrenal
ketoacidosis, 192-193 insufficiency in, 659-660
Acidosis, lactic, in alcoholic ketoacidosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and,
212, 215 661
Acne, in adolescent girls, 507-532. See also Cushing’s syndrome and, 658-659
Androgen; Hyperandrogenism, in girls. hyperaldosteronism and, primary, 661
Acromegaly, from pituitary tumors, in normal function of, 658
pregnancy, 651 Adrenalectomy, adrenal insufficiency from,
octreotide for, 850 313-314
ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropin hormone Adrenal glands, anatomy of, 304
(ACTH). biochemistry of, 304-305
Actinomycin D, for carcinoid tumors, 943- disorders of, adrenarchal, 51 —5 1 7
944 congenital hyperplasia, 51 —5 2 )
Activin, effect of, on FSH release, 113-114 hypoplasia, 461
Addison’s disease. See also Adrenal in pregnancy, 661
histology of, 304
insufficiency, acute.
adrenal glands in, 304-305 regulation of, 305
clinical presentation of, 305-306 Adrenal insufficiency, acute, 303-328. See
also Addison’s disease.
history of, 303
etiologies of, adrenalectomy, 313-314
incidence of, 303-304
adrenalitis, autoimmune, 308-310
Adenoma(s), pituitary, 163-175
AIDS, 311
apoplexy from, 294
drugs, 313
corticotroph, 163-164
familiar, 314
gonadotroph, in men, 163-164, 167-
hemorrhage, adrenal, 311-312
168
infections, 310
in women, 168-169 infiltrative diseases, 313
recognition of, in vitro, 169-170 metastatic disease, 312
in vivo, 166-169 presentation of, androgen deficiency
somatotroph, 163-164 in, 307-308
thyrotroph, 163-164, 169 anemia in, 307
treatment of, pharmacologic, 173 eosinophilia in, 307
radiotherapy in, 170-173 gastrointestinal, 306-307
surgical, 170-172 hypotension, 306
Adolescent endocrinology, 455-700 laboratory abnormalities in, 308
953
954 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Adrenal insufficiency (Continued) Alstrém’s syndrome, 463
psychiatric symptoms in, 307 Alzheimer’s disease, TRH for, 853
diagnosis of, adrenocorticotropin hor- Amenorrhea, exercise—associated, 45-49
mone stimulation test in, 317 fuel expenditure in, 48
corticotropin-releasing hormone stim- GnRH secretion in, 46—47
ulation test in, 318-319 hypercortisolism in, 47
corticotropin stimulation test in, rapid hypermelatoninemia in, 48-49
synthetic, 316-317 management of, 50-52
CT scans in, 319 neuroendocrine action in, 48
hypoaldosteronism versus, 315-316 hypothalamic. See Hypothalamic amenor-
insulin tolerance test in, 317-318 rhea syndrome.
metyrapone test in, 318 in chronic renal failure, 150
MR imaging scans in, 319-320 lactational, 59-73
secondary, 314-315 anovulation and, 59-60
treatment of, for acute, 320-321 duration of, 59-60
for chronic, 321 nutrition and, 68-69
surgery and, 321-322 prolactin and, 67-68
Adrenalitis, autoimmune, 308 suckling and, 62-67
type I, 309 malnutrition and, 50-52
type II, 309-310 psychogenic, 39-43
Adrenarche, in boys, 457-458 GH in, 43
in girls, 491 GnRH secretion in, 41-43
exaggerated, 517 LH release in, 39-40
premature, 515-517 melatonin in, 43-44
Adrenergic receptors, characteristics of, 331 thyroid hormones in, 43
function of, molecular basis of, 330-331 Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea,
location of, 331-332 adolescent, 497-500
types of, 329-330 bone age in, 498
Adrenergic system, in thyrotoxicosis, 267- differential diagnosis of, 497-500
268 FSH in, 497-498
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), gonadotropin deficiency with constitu-
deficiency of, in adrenal tional delay in, 498-499
insufficiency, 305, 315 from cyclophosphamide, 623
secretion of, in Cushing’s syndrome, hypothalamic, in adolescence, 693
641-642 normal FSH and estrogenization in, 500
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) Amylin, therapeutic use of, 858-859
stimulation test, for adrenal Analgesia, enkephalins and analogues for,
insufficiency, 317 856
for hyperandrogenism, 526 Androgen. See also Hyperandrogenism, in
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Addison’s disease girls.
from, 314 action of, cutaneous manifestations of,
Adrenomyeloneuropathy, Addison’s 513-515
disease from, 314 mechanism of, 512
AIDS and AIDS-related complex, biosynthesis of, 507-509
enkephalins and analogues for, 857- blood levels and transport of, 511-512
858 deficiency of, in adrenal insufficiency,
AITD. See Autoimmune thyroid disease acute, 307-308
(AITD), in adolescents. effect of, on FSH release, 113
AKA. See Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA). on LH secretion, in men, 97-99
Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA), 209-219 in polycystic ovary disease, 83-85
clinical presentation of, 209-210 regulation by, of male gonadotropic axis,
diagnosis of, differential, 215-216 102-104
hypophosphatemia in, 402 secretion of, disorders in, adrenal, 515-
laboratory findings in, 210-213 520
pathogenesis of, 213-215 gonadal, 520-524
treatment of, 216-217 regulation of, 509-511
Alcoholism, in adolescence, 697 tumors producing, 470
Alopecia, in adolescent girls, 507-532. See Anemia, in adrenal insufficiency, 307
also Hyperandrogenism, in girls. in hypothyroidism, 281-282
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 955
Anion gap, in diabetic ketoacidosis, Bone mass, accumulation of, assessment of,
therapy and, 191-192 577-579
Anorexia nervosa, in adolescence, 696 calcium and, dietary, 576
Anovulation. See Amenorrhea and in puberty, 576-579
oligomenorrhea. sex hormones and, 576, 579
Antiandrogens, for hyperandrogenism, diminution of, in diabetic adolescent, 562
526-527 Bone mass density (BMD), decrease in, in
Antiemesis, enkephalins and analogues for, gonadal dysgenesis, 587
857 measurements of, 577-579
Antimetastasis, enkephalins and analogues Brjesson—Forssman—Lehman syndrome,
for, 857 462
Apoplexy, pituitary. See Pituitary apoplexy. Brain—gut axis, 732
Argentaffin (EC cell) carcinoids, Breast—feeding. See Suckling.
histochemistry of, 810-812 Breast tumors, somatostatin receptors in,
signs and symptoms of, 809-810 927, 930, 933
sites of, 799, 809, 811-812 Bromocriptine, effect of, on pregnancy, 650
Argyrophil (ECL cell) carcinoids, in chronic Burns, ocular, EGF for, 864
atrophic gastritis, 802-804
in Zollinger—Ellison—multiple endo-
crine neoplasia, 800-802
sites of, 799 Calciferol, in calcium metabolism, 574
sporadic, carcinoid syndrome and, CAH. See Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
804-805 (CAH).
Arrhythmias, cardiac, in magnesium Calcitonin, for hypercalcemia, severe, 352—
deficiency, 386 353
Asthma, vasointestinal peptide for, 859, in calcium metabolism, 574
861-862 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),
Astrocytomas, hypothalamic-—pituitary, in therapeutic use of, 859
children, 639-641 Calcitriol, in calcium metabolism, 574
of optic pathway, 640-641 Calcium, in GnRH signal transduction, 6-7
Atrial natriuretic peptide, in adaptation, of metabolism of, abnormal, disorders
brain, to hyponatremia, 428 from, 585-589
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), in hypercalcemia and, 581-585
adolescents, 594 hypocalcemia and, 579-581, 583
autoimmune thyrotoxicosis, 597 bone mass accumulation and, 576-579
management of, 602-603 hormones and, pubertal, 579
chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 597 in adolescence, 573-592
pathogenesis of, 597 in pregnancy, adolescent, 661-663
management of, 602 normal, in adolescence, 573-576
radiation—induced, 611-613 serum concentration of, calcitonin and,
574
calcitriol and, 574-575
hydroxylysine and, 574
Bardet—Biedl (Laurence—Moon-Biedl) hydroxyproline and, 574
syndrome, 462 in adolescence, parathyroid hormone
Beta blockers, for thyrotoxicosis, 271-272 and, 573-574
Bicarbonate, in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 217 measurement of, 363-364
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 197-198 phosphorus and, 574
in lactic acidosis, 237-241 regulation of, 364-365
Bisphosphonate(s), for hypercalcemia, therapeutic, 371-373
etidronate, 353-354 Cancer, lactic acidosis in, 231
pamidronate, 354 Carbicarb, for lactic acidosis, 240
Bleeding, from uterine dysfunction, 501- Carbohydrates, metabolism of, in
503 pregnancy, adolescent, 663-664
genital, pregnancy-related, 501 requirements for, in adolescence, 675
menorrhagic, 503 Carbon dioxide, retention of, in myxedema
vaginal, 503 coma, 288
BMD. See Bone mass density (BMD). Carbon monoxide poisoning, lactic acidosis
Bone, effect on, of pubertal hormones, 579 from, 233
956 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Carcinoid tumors, chemotherapy for, Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-
combination, 945-946 obstruction (CIIP), cholecystokinin for,
single—agent, 943-945 854
diagnosis of, 832-833 CIIP (chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-
growth regulation in, 889-915 obstruction), cholecystokinin for, 854
cell adhesion molecules in, 905, 907— Cisplatin, for carcinoid tumors, 944, 946
908 Coma. See Myxedema coma.
gastrin induction of, 899, 901-906. See Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),
also Mastontis model. virilizing, 517-520
growth factors in, 890-900. See also 3-hydroxylase deficiency in, 519-520
Growth factor(s). 11- hydroxy lase deficiency in, 519
peptide expression in, 919-920 21- hy droxy lase deficiency in, 518-519
pharmacotherapy of, 833 pathogenesis of, 517-518
platelet-derived growth factors and, 880 Congenital villous atrophy, EGF for, 864
site classification of, 832 Congestive heart failure (CHF)
somatostatin receptors in, 927-928 calcitonin gene-related peptide for, 859-
symptomatology of, 831-832 861
types of, argentaffin, 809-812 hypoglycemia in, 256
Constitutional delay, in delayed puberty, in
argyrophil, 804-805
hindgut trabecular, 812-813 boys, 458-459, 465-466
midgut, neural adhesion molecule in, in girls, 498-499
Cori cycle, in acid-base balance, 228
907-908
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), in
Cartilage, effect on, of pubertal hormones,
adrenal insufficiency, 305
579
Corticotropin—-releasing hormone (CRH)
Catecholamines, in pheochromocytoma,
stimulation test, for adrenal
action of, 329-332
insufficiency, 318-319
adrenergic receptors and, 329-332
Corticotropin stimulation test, for adrenal
effects of, biologic, 332-334
insufficiency, 316-317
excess of, 335-337
Cortisol. See Hypercortisolism.
CCK. See Cholecystokinin (CCK). excess of, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 182
Cell adhesion molecules, carcinoid tumor
in adrenal insufficiency, 307
growth and, 905, 907-908
resistance to, in hirsutism, 520
Central nervous system, in puberty, 493 Craniopharyngiomas, 632-637
lesions in, hypopituitarism from, 460-461 clinical presentation of, 635
stress system and, 688-690 description of, 633-634
Central pontine myelinolysis, from hypopituitarism from, 460
hyponatremia, 431-432, 437-439
in children vs. adults, 633-634
Cerebral ischemia, TRH for, 852 incidence of, 632-633
CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), treatment of, chemotherapy for, 637
therapeutic use of, 859 in children, 635-637
Chemotherapy, effects of, on gonads, 617- radiotherapy for, 636-637
629 surgery for, 635-636
for germ cell tumors, intracranial, 639 workup for, 635
for gliomas, 641 Cryptorchidism, fertility in, 479-490
for pancreatic tumors, 946-950 pathogenesis of, 480-482
CHF (congestive heart failure), calcitonin age and, 484-486
gene-related peptide for, 859-861 anatomic defects in, 481
Chlorozotocin, for pancreatic tumors, 949 endocrinopathy in, 481
Chlorpropamide, for diabetes insipidus, histopathology in, 482-483
415-416 paternity in, 484-485
Cholecystokinin (CCK), biologic action of, semen analysis in, 483-485
721 testis location and size in, 486
diagnostic, 835 testicular carcinoma in, 486-487
distribution of, 720-721 treatment of, approach to, historical, 480
therapeutic use of, 853-854 indications for, 479
Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, as tumor Cushing’s syndrome, in adolescence, 695-
marker, 925-926 696
Cholestasis, intrahepatic, secretin for, 855 in pregnancy, 658-659
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 957
Cyclophosphamide, azoospermia and nonketonic, 194
oligospermia from, 623-624 pathophysiology of, 181-187
kidney in, 187
liver in, 185-186
muscle in, skeletal, 187
Dacarbazine, for carcinoid tumors, 943-944 pancreas in, 182-183
DCA (dichloroacetate), for lactic acidosis, prevention of, 203
239-241 recovery in, 202
DDAVP (i-—desamine 8-D-arginine treatment of, bicarbonate in, 197-198
vasopressin), 415 calculations for, 189-193
1—desamine 8—D-arginine vasopressin fluids in, 194-195
(DDAVP), 415 glucose in, 197
Delayed puberty. See also Constitutional insulin in, 195-196
delay. phosphate in, 198
Delayed puberty, from gonadotropin potassium in, 196-197
deficiency, 461-462 Dialysis, for hypercalcemia, severe, 356
from hypogonadism, hypotropic, 459, Diarrhea, secretory, octreotide for, 848-849
463-464 Dichloroacetate (DCA), for lactic acidosis,
from hypogonadotropism, 459 239-241
in boys, differential diagnosis of, 458- Diet, in diabetes, 563-564
459, 464-466 Dieting, in adolescence, 677-679. See also
treatment of, 465-466 Nutrition, eating practices and.
Dex suppression test, for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, in calcium
hyperandrogenism, 523, 525-526 regulation, 364
Diabetes insipidus, definition of, 414 Diuresis, excessive, in myxedema coma,
etiology of, central, 416-418 288
nephrogenic, 416-418 osmotic, in diabetes insipidus, 416
follow-up in, 421 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 186
in emergencies, 411-423 saline, for hypercalcemia, severe, 351-
in pregnancy, adolescent, 654 352
presentation of, 416 DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
therapy for, chlorpropamide, 415-416 Dopamine, GnRH secretion and, 17-18
1—desamine 8-D-arginine vasopressin, in polycystic ovary disease, 87
415 Doxorubicin, for carcinoid tumors, 944, 946
diuretics, thiazide, 416 for pancreatic tumors, 947-948
maintenance, 421 Drugs, lactic acidosis from, 232-234
water, 415 Dumping syndrome, octreotide for, 849-
types of, after neurologic procedures, 420 850
central, 414, 416-418
established, 418
nephrogenic, 414-418
new onset, 416-418 EC cell carcinoids. See Argentaffin (EC cell)
posttrauma, 420 carcinoids.
pregnancy, 420 ECL cell carcinoids. See Argyrophil (ECL
Diabetes mellitus, in adolescence, 553-573. cell) carcinoids.
See also Insulin—dependent diabetes ECL (enterochromaffin—like) cells, growth
mellitus (IDDM). of, 901-904
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 181-207 Edema, brain, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 200-
alkalemic, 193-194 201
complications of, 198-199 pulmonary, 198
iatrogenic, 199-201 EGF. See Epidermal growth factor (EGF).
special, 201-202 Elderly, myxedema coma in, 283
diagnosis of, criteria for, 189 Encephalopathy(ies), hypertensive, in
exceptions to, 193-194 pheochromocytoma, 336
factors in, precipitating, 187-189 hyponatremic, central pontine myelino-
euglycemic, 193 lysis, 431-432, 437-439
home care of, 203 diagnosis of, differential, 433
hypophosphatemia in, 402-403 in women, 432-433
manifestation of, 186-187 neuropathologic lesions, 430-431
958 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Encephalopathy(ies) (Continued) normal, with hypoestrogenism, 497-—
lactic acidosis in, 234 499
Endocrine crises, 181-446 with normal estrogenization, 500
Energy needs, in adolescence, 673-674 postpartum, 60-62
Enkephalins, therapeutic use of, 856-858 regulation of, by GnRH, 34-35
Enterochromaffin—-like (ECL) cells, growth release of, estradiol effect on, 113-114
of, 901-904 GnRH and, 7-9
Eosinophilia, in adrenal insufficiency, 307 in men, 111-115
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), therapeutic versus LH release, 112-113
use of, 864 secretion of, in gonadotrophic adenomas
Epinephrine, excess of, in diabetic in women, 168-169
ketoacidosis, 182 in polycystic ovary disease, 85-86
Estradiol, effect of, on FSH release, 113-114 neuroendocrine regulation of, 111-115
in polycystic ovary disease, 82-83 suckling and, 63-66, 68
Estrogens, effect of, on gonadotropes, 18- Fotemustine, for pancreatic tumors, 949
19 FSH. See Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
on LH release, 16-17 Functional ovarian hyperandrogenism
in men, 99-100 (FOH), 520-523
in polycystic ovary disease, 83
regulation by, of male gonadotropic axis,
99-100, 104-105
Ethanol intoxication, lactic acidosis from, Gallium nitrate, for hypercalcemia, severe,
232 355
Etidronate, for hypercalcemia, severe, 353-— Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP), biologic
354 action of, 722
Exercise, amenorrhea from, 45—49 discovery of, 710
management of, 50-52 therapeutic use of, 866
risks and benefits of, 49-50 Gastrin inhibitory peptide receptors,
lipoprotein changes, 50 biologic actions of, 723-725
osteopenia, 49-50 Gastrin, as tumor marker, 924-925
strenuous, lactic acidosis in, 234 discovery of, 709-710
in promotion of ECL cell growth, 904—
905
pathologic effect of, 716
Fasting, hypoglycemia from, 253-256 therapeutic use of, 866
in children, 258 Gastrin (G) cell tumors, Zollinger—Ellison
Fats, requirement for, in adolescence, 675 syndrome-associated, 805-807
Fatty acids, free, in diabetic ketoacidosis, nonfunctioning, 806
183 peptides in, 806-807
omega-3 for lactic acidosis, 241 sites of, 799, 805-706
Fertility, evaluation of, paternity in, 484 Gastrin gene, regulation of, achlorhydria
semen analysis in, 483-484 model in, 758-760
in cryptorchidism, 479-490 developmental, 760-761
FGF (fibroblast growth factor), 898 interrelationships in, with cholecysto-
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), 898 kinin, 761
Fluids, in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 216 with somatostatin, 758-760, 764
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 194-195 Northern analysis in, 760-761
Fluorouracil, for carcinoid tumors, 944, 945 Gastrin hypothesis, 826
for pancreatic tumors, 947-948 Gastrinomas. See also Gastrin (G) cell
FOH. See Functional ovarian tumors.
hyperandrogenism (FOH). enterochromaffin—like cell (ECL) hyper-
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), assay plasia in, 826-827
of, 111, 115, 117 management of, 826-828
hypothalamic amenorrhea and, 40 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and, 825-
in breast-feeding women, 63-65 827
in male gonadal axis, 93-94 gastrin secretion by, 825
in menstrual disorders, adolescent, 497- secretin provocative test for, 825
500 Gastrin promoter, analysis of, deletion
elevated, 497 technique in, 761-764
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 959
EGF dependence in, 764 growth hormone-releasing hormone,
gastrin chloramphenicol acetyltransfer- 65
ase reporter gene and, 761-762 in diagnosis, 835-836
in islet cells, 764—765 limitations of, 846-847
in pituitary cell lines, 762-764 thyrotropin-releasing hormone and
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/ analogues, 851-853
bombesin-like tumors, 834 therapeutic, 836-837
Gastro—entero—pancreatic neuroendocrine in medicine, 709-952
(GEP-NE) system, 731-752 Gastrointestinal peptide(s), analogues of,
histogenetic theories of, 747-748 725-726
historical perspectives in, development in brain and gut, 719-721
and, 709-717 cholecystokinin, 720-721
discoveries in, gastrin inhibitory pep- glucose-related, 722-723
tide, 710 therapeutic, amylin, 858-859
gastrin, 709-710 cholecystokinin, 853-854
neuron-specific enolase, 715-716 enkephalins and analogues, 856-858
secretin, 709 gastrin inhibitory peptide, 866
somatostatin, 711, 713 gastrin, 866
receptor identification and, 711 glucagon, 862-863
ontogeny of, 711, 713, 746-747 pancreatic polypeptide, 865
peptides of, 711-712 secretin, 855-856
in tumor growth, 716-717 somatostatin and analogues, 847-851.
phylogeny of, 711, 733-746 See also Octreotide.
Agnatha in, 738-741, 745 vasoactive intestinal peptide, 859-861
Deuterostomia in, 736-738 Gastrointestinal tract, effect on, of adrenal
Gnathostomian vertebrates in, 741- insufficiency, 306—307
743, 745 neuroendocrine tumors of, gastrin and,
osteichthyes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, 881-882
mammals in, 743-746 ontogenesis of, 875-879
Protostomian, 735-736 somatostatin and, 882
taxonomy of primitive animals in, GCTs See Germ cell tumor(s) (GCTs).
733-735 General adaptation syndrome, 686-687
tumors of gut and, 714-715 GEP-NE. See Gastro—entero—pancreatic
Gastrointestinal endocrine system, neuroendocrine (GEP—NE) system.
physiology of, 719-729 Germ cell tumor(s) (GCTs), intracranial,
metabolic actions in, 721-723 age and, 638
peptides in, analogues of, 725-726 germinomas, 637
brain and gut, 719-721 symptoms of, 638-639
receptors in, 723-725 teratomas, 637-638
pathology of, 795-821 treatment of, 639
argentaffin carcinoids, 809-812 GFs. See Growth factors (GFs).
cells in, activity of, 797 GH. See Growth hormone (GH).
classification of, 795-797 GHRH. See Growth hormone-releasing
gastrin cell tumors, 805-807 hormone (GHRH).
hindgut trabecular carcinoids, 812-813 Giantism, pituitary, from adenomas,
hyperplasia preneoplasia, neoplasias pediatric, 642-643
in. See Carcinoid tumor‘(s). GIP. See Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP).
neuroendocrine carcinomas, 813-814 GLPs (glucagon-like peptides), action of,
paragangliomas in, ganglioneuroma- biologic, 722-723
tous, 808-809 Glucagon, diagnostic, 835-836
somatostatin cell tumors, 807-808 excess of, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 182-
Gastrointestinal hormones. See also 183
Gastrointestinal peptide(s), therapeutic. in glucose production, 781-782
clinical applications of, 823-844 therapeutic, 838-839, 862-863
endogenous, neoplasm—associated. See Glucagon-like peptide—1 (GLP-1), action
Neuroendocrine tumor(s). of, 799-780, 782-783
exogenous, enhancement of, 847 glucose competence concept and, 784—
epidermal growth factors, 864 785
960 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Glucagon-like peptide-1 activin in, 113-114
(GLP-1) (Continued) androgens in, 97-99, 102-104, 113
incretin desensitization hypothesis and, estrogens in, 104-105
786-788 FSH in, 93-100, 111-115
in treatment of non-insulin dependent GnRH in, 106-108, 108-111
diabetes mellitus, 788-790 inhibin in, 113-115
versus sulfonylurea drugs, 788 LH in, 93-102, 108-109, 115-116
isoforms of, 776-778 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
processing of, proglucagon gene in, 776 action of, up and down regulation, 34—
Glucagon-like peptide—1 (GLP-1) 35
receptors, 780-782 alterations in, mechanisms of, 108-109
action of, 782-788 biosynthesis of, 7-9
on insulin secretion, 783-784 deficiency of, from hypothalamic lesions,
desensitization hypothesis and, 786- 108-109
788 from intrapituitary disease, 108-109
on glucagon-producing cells, 782-783 in amenorrhea, exercise-induced, 46—
on glucagon-producing cells, 783-784 47
on somatostatin—producing cells, 782, hypothalamic, 41-43
783 in Kallmann’s syndrome, 131-133
Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs), biologic exogenous, effect of, on gonadotroph
action of, 722-723 cells, 96
Glucagonomas, clinical presentation of, 830 on gonadotropin biosynthesis, 7-9
diagnosis of, 830-831 responses to, by FSH and LH, 65
management of, 831 in uremia, 149-150
Glucocorticoids, deficiency of, in Addison’s for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,
disease, 314 139-141
for hyperandrogenism, 526 in uremia, hypothalamic, 154
for hypercalcemia, severe, 356 pituitary, 153-154
for thyrotoxicosis, 272-273 response to, 149-150
Glucose, excess, hypoglycemia from, acute, neuronal systems of, 30
133 during sexual maturation, 33-34
in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 217 origin of, 32-33
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 197 posttranslational processing of, 9-10
metabolism of, amylin effect on, 858 pulse frequency of, in polycystic ovary
glucagon and, 781-782 disease, 85-87
transporter of, 183-184 pulse generator system of, 31-32, 108-
Glycemia, control, in adolescence, 556 109
Glycolysis, in metabolism, of lactate, 222-— receptors of, 5-6
224 release of, 2—4
GnRH. See Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in menstrual cycle, 10-16, 19-21
(GnRH). reversible, 108-111
Goiter, in adolescence, 593-606. See also secretion of, hypothalamic control of, 17-
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). 18, 94-95
autoimmune thyroid disease and, 594- in adult, 127-129
597, 602-603 in fetus, 125-126
classification of, 593-594 in puberty, 126-127
definition of, 593 postnatal, 126
diagnosis of, biopsy in, 602 hypothalamus and, 17-18
laboratory tests in, 598-599 in amenorrhea, 41-44, 46-47
MR imaging in, 600 in chronic renal failure, 150, 153-154
radionuclide studies in, 599-600 in girls, 491-492
ultrasonography in, 599-600 signal transduction of, 6-7
diffuse, 593-596 synthesis and secretion of, hypothalamus
incidence of, 593 and, 94-95
nodular, 593-596 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
management of, 602-603 agonists, for hyperandrogenism, 526
pathogenesis of, 596-597 Gonadotropins, deficiency of, in boys,
Gonadal axis, male, neuroendocrinology of, functional, 461-462
93-124 with constitutional delay, 498-499
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 961
exogenous, gonadotropin secretion and, secretion of, in amenorrhea, psychogenic,
16-17 43
in puberty, female, 498-499 Growth hormone-releasing hormone
male, 461-462 (GnRH), in growth spurt, adolescent,
isolated, 461 538
with adrenal hypoplasia, 461
properties of, morphologic and func-
tional, 4—5
release of, in menstrual cycle, 10-16, 19- Hamartomas, of tuber cinereum, pediatric,
21 643
secretion of, from pituitary tumors, 651- Hand-Schller—Christian syndrome. See
652 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis
from tumors, 470 X).
in girls, 491-493 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, in adolescence,
suppression of, for hyperandrogenism, diagnosis of, 598-599
526 hCG. See human chorionic gonadotropin
synthesis of, 7-9 (hCG).
Graves’ disease. See Thyrotoxicosis, Hemorrhage, adrenal, 311-312
autoimmune. gastrointestinal, octreotide for, 850
Growth, in adolescence, attenuated, 541- secretin for, 855
544 Hindgut trabecular (L cell) carcinoids,
delayed, 541-542 malignancy of, 812
intrinsic shortness, 541, 543-544 immunohistochemistry of, 812-813
linear curves in, 543 sites of, 799, 812-814
pathophysiology of, 541-545 Hirsutism, in adolescent girls, 507-532. See
also Androgen; Hyperandrogenism, in
spurt in, height velocity in, 533-537
in boys, 533, 535 girls.
in girls, 533-534, 536 Histiocytosis X. See Langerhans cell
skeletal maturation in, 535 histiocytosis (histiocytosis X).
Growth factor(s) (GFs), 890-899 hMG (human menopausal gonadotropin),
epidermal growth factor, 890-892 for Kallmann’s syndrome, 138-139
HPA (hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal
expression and action of, gastrointestinal
axis), dysfunction of, adrenal
hormones and, 881-882 insufficiency from, 314-315
oncogenes in, 882
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), for
on gastrointestinal endocrine tumors,
idiopathic hypogonadotropic
880-881 hypogonadotropism, in men,
FGF, basic and acidic, 898
138-130
IGF-1, 891-894 in peripubertal boys, 137
in pancreatic endocrine cells, 875-857 Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG),
ontogenesis of, 875-879 for Kallmann’s syndrome, 138-139
neuronotropic effects of, on midgut car- Hydration, for hypercalcemia, severe, 351—
cinoid cells, 899-900 353
PDGF, 894-896 Hydroxylysine, in calcium metabolism, 574
TGF-, 890-892 Hydroxyproline, in calcium metabolism,
TGF-, 896-897 574
Growth hormone (GH), deficiency of, from Hyperandrogenism, in girls, adrenarche
craniopharyngiomas, 637 and, 515-517
from germ cell tumors, 638-639 causes of, 515, 524
GHRH for, 865 congenital adrenal hyperplasia and, vi-
from irradiation, 636-637 rilizing, 517-520
in adolescence, 533-552. See also Growth, diagnosis of, 524-526
in adolescence. frorn hermaphroditism, 524
changes in, 538-540 from tumors, 524
deficiency of, diagnosis of, 545-546 obesity and, 524, 527
treatment of, 546-547 ovarian, functional, 520-524. See also
growth hormone axis and, 536, 538 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
pituitary—gonadal axis and, 540 treatment of, endocrine, 526-527
release of, in diabetic adolescent, 555-556 neuroendocrine, 527
962 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993
Hypercalcemia, in adolescence, causes of, serum calcium and, 363-365
hyperparathyroidism, 582-583 signs and symptoms of, 367
immobilization, 582-583 in adolescence, causes of, 579-581
medications, 581, 585 autoimmune disorders, 580
hypoparathyroidism, 583-584 hypomagnesemia, 580-581
management of, 585 hypoparathyroidism, 580
in pheochromocytoma, 337 hypovitaminosis D, 581
in pregnancy, adolescent, 662-663 serum phosphorous in, 581
malignancy—associated, 346-348 complications of, 581
humoral, 347-348 in magnesium deficiency, 383-385
osteolytic, 347 Hypoestrogenism, in girls, management of,
parathyroid hormone-related peptide 500-501
in, 349 with normal FSH, 497-499
severe, 343-362 Hypoglycemia, acute, 247-262
diagnosis of, differential, 345-346 definition of, 247-248
pathophysiology of, 343-344 diabetes mellitus and, 250-25
presentation of, 345 diagnosis of, differential, 251-259
treatment of, dialysis in, 356 from fasting, 253-256
hydration in, 351-352 in children, 258
pharmacologic, 352-356 from glucose consumption, excess, 256
Hyperchloremia, iatrogenic, in diabetic from hepatic dysfunction, 253, 257
ketoacidosis, 200 from insulin excess, 252-258
Hypercortisolism, in hypothalamic in children, 258-260
amenorrhea syndrome, 42-43 medications and, 250-251
exercise—associated, 47 physiology of, 248-249
psychogenic, 42-43 presentation of, 248-250
Hypergastrinemia, loxtidine—induced, ECL from insulin therapy, 565
cell growth and, 901-906 iatrogenic, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 199-—
Hyperglycemia, in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 200
213-214 in pheochromocytoma, 336
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 182-187 non-insulin—mediated, 256
in diabetes and, 557 postprandial, 256-258
Hyperlipidemia, pulmonary, in diabetic reactive, 257-258
ketoacidosis, 198-199 Hypogonadism. See also Hypogonadotropic
Hypermelatoninemia, in hypothalamic hypogonadism (HH).
amenorrhea syndrome, exercise— hypogonadotropic, in men, 125-143
associated, 48-49, 51 in women, 29-58
psychogenic, 43-44 in adolescence, 693
Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia from, in boys, 459
582-583 in girls, 498-499
Hyperprolactinemia, hypopituitarism from, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH),
460 anatomic, 127-130
in acne and hirsutism, 520 differential diagnosis of, 127-130
in chronic renal failure, 151 functional, from alcohol use, 130-131
in girls, 501 from anabolic steroids, 131
in hypothalamic amenorrhea syndrome, in athletes, 131
42-43 idiopathic, 129, 131-133. See also Idio-
Hypertension, calcitonin gene-related pathic hypothalamic hypogonadism
peptide for, 859-861 (IH).
in pheochromocytoma, 333-336 in men, 125-143
management of, 337-338 in women, 29-58
Hyperthyroidism, in pregnancy, Hypokalemia, iatrogenic, in diabetic
adolescent, treatment of, 657-658 ketoacidosis, 199
Hypocalcemia, emergencies in, 363-375 in magnesium deficiency, 383
causes of, 365-366 Hyponatremia, adaptation to, atrial
management of, in acute, 371-372 natriuretic peptide in, 428
in chronic, 372 hypoxia in, 429-430
in magnesium deficiency, 369-371 physical factors in, 428-429
postparathyroidectomy, 369-370 sex hormones in, 427