Integrated Fiber-Optic Receivers

480 Pages·1995·4.791 MB·English

by  Aaron Buchwald, Kenneth W. Martin

INTEGRATED
FIBER-OPTIC
RECEIVERS

INTEGRATED
FIBER-OPTIC
RECEIVERS
Aaron BUCHWALD
Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
Clear Water Bay,Kowloon, Hong Kong
Kenneth W. MARTIN
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
Boston/London/Dordrecht
Copyright c 1994byKluwerAcademicPublishers.
(cid:13)
To
WarrenG. BUCHWALD

CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
Part I SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 1
1 INTEGRATED FIBER-OPTIC RECEIVERS 5
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 AdvantagesofFiber-Optics 8
1.3 StatusofIntegratedFiber-OpticReceivers 9
1.4 OverviewofFiber-OpticReceiverDesign 11
References 23
2 MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES 27
2.1 AnalyticalExpressionsforNRZBandlimitedData 28
2.2 FourierSeriesFrequencyDomainRepresentations 29
2.3 FourierTransformFrequencyDomainRepresentations 48
2.4 LinearFilteringofRandomData 64
2.5 ReviewofGeneralTheoryofRandomSignals 76
2.6 RandomAmplitudeModulation 84
2.7 Phase-Jitter 89
2.8 EffectofBPFPhaseResponseonAngleandAmplitudeModulation 99
2.9 Summary 100
References 103
3 OPTIMAL DECISION THEORY 105
3.1 QualitativeDetectionofIndependentBinaryPulses 109
3.2 HypothesisTesting 111
3.3 PropertiesofGaussianRandomVariables 115
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Integrated Fiber-Optic Receivers
3.4 OptimalDecisionRuleforAdditive-White-Gaussian-Noise 120
3.5 PerformanceEvaluationoftheCorrelationReceiverinAWGN 125
3.6 QuantumLimitinOpticalCommunicationSystems 129
3.7 CorrelationReceiverPerformanceinthePresenceofClock-Jitter 141
3.8 OptimumCorrelationReceiversinColoredNoise 150
3.9 CorrelationReceiverPerformanceinColoredNoise 154
3.10 Summary 160
References 161
4 CLOCK RECOVERY 163
4.1 QualitativeAnalysisofClockRecoverySchemes 166
4.2 IntermittentPhase-ReadjustingApproachestoClockRecovery 169
4.3 EdgeDetection 174
4.4 SpectralLineTechniques 182
4.5 MaximumaPosteriori(MAP)SymbolSynchronization 207
4.6 Parasitic-DelayInsensitiveClockRecoverySchemes 236
4.7 Summary 249
References 253
5 PRACTICAL HIGH-SPEED CLOCK RECOVERY 259
5.1 FrequencyDetection 259
5.2 ModifiedAlexanderCircuit 276
5.3 Early-LateCircuitUsingaMatchedFilter 286
5.4 High-SpeedDataTransitionTrackingLoop 289
5.5 Summary 300
References 303
Part II CIRCUIT DESIGN 305
6 HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 309
6.1 OverviewofHBTs 311
6.2 AdvantagesofHBTsforHigh-SpeedOperation 312
6.3 AlGaAs/GaAsHBTs: TypicalParameters 313
6.4 InP-BasedHBTs: TypicalParameters 315
6.5 SPICEModelsforCircuitSimulation 317
6.6 Summary 321
References 323
7 LOW-NOISE PREAMPLIFIER 325
7.1 SourcesofNoise 325
7.2 RelationshipBetweenNoiseandReceiverSensitivity 334
7.3 CalculationsofNoiseinLinearCircuits 336
7.4 TransresistancePreamplifierNoiseAnalysis 342
7.5 ComparisonofBipolarandFETAmplifiers 367
7.6 InPPreamplifier 377
References 385
8 VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS 387
8.1 Four-StageRingVCO 387
8.2 Emitter-CoupledMultivibratorVCO 390
8.3 ComparisonofRingandEmitter-CoupledVCO 392
8.4 TimingEstimation 392
8.5 High-SpeedTesting 400
References 411
9 6-GHz PHASE-LOCK LOOP 413
9.1 FrequencyQuadruplingRingVCO 413
9.2 Fully-BalancedMixer 416
9.3 LoopFilter 417
9.4 OutputBufferandBiasCircuits 424
9.5 Results 425
9.6 Summary 431
References 433
10 CLOCK RECOVERY AND DATA RETIMING IC 435
10.1 System-LevelSimulations 435
10.2 Circuit-LevelSimulations 446
10.3 FurtherResearch 452
References 455
INDEX 457
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Integrated Fiber-Optic Receivers