Table Of ContentKYOTO AN URBAN HISTORY OF JAPAN’S PREMODERN CAPITAL
MATTHEW STAVROS
Kyoto
SPATIAL HABITUS
MAKING AND MEANING IN ASIA’S ARCHITECTURE
edited by Ronald G. Knapp and Xing Ruan
House Home Family: Living and Being Chinese
edited by ronald g. knapp and kai-yin lo
Allegorical Architecture: Living Myth and Architectonics in Southern China
xing ruan
Chinese Architecture and the Beaux-Arts
edited by jeffrey w. cody, nancy s. steinhardt, and tony atkin
Chinese Architecture and Metaphor: Song Culture in the Yingzao Fashi Building Manual
jiren feng
Original Copies: Architectural Mimicry in Contemporary China
bianca bosker
China’s Contested Capital: Architecture, Ritual, and Response in Nanjing
charles d. musgrove
Architecture and Urbanism in Modern Korea
inha jung
The Hermit’s Hut: Architecture and Asceticism in India
kazi k. ashraf
Architecturalized Asia: Mapping a Continent through History
edited by vimalin rujivacharakul, h. hazel hahn, ken tadashi oshima,
and peter christensen
Chinese Architecture in an Age of Turmoil, 200–600
nancy shatzman steinhardt
Kyoto: An Urban History of Japan’s Premodern Capital
matthew stavros
Kyoto
An Urban History of
Japan’s Premodern C apital
MATTHEW STAVROS
UNIVERSITY OF
HAWAI‘I PRESS
HONOLULU
© 2014 university of hawai‘i press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
19 18 17 16 15 14 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Australian Academy of the Humanities
and the Japan Foundation provided generous
funding to support this publication.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stavros, Matthew Gerald, author.
Kyoto : an urban history of Japan’s premodern capital / Matthew Stavros.
pages cm—(Spatial habitus: making and meaning in Asia’s architecture)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8248-3879-9 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Kyoto (Japan)—History. I. Title. II. Series: Spatial habitus (Series)
DS897.K857S73 2014 952'.1864—dc23 2014005899
University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the
guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources.
Designed by Julie Matsuo-Chun
Printed by Regent Publishing Services
Contents
Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
Conventions and Abbreviations xv
Introduction xvii
1 Heian-kyō: The Ideal 1
2 Heian-kyō: The Real 29
3 Making Kyoto Medieval: A Fractured, Privatized,
and Pluralistic City 43
4 Rakuchū-Rakugai: Inside/Outside, Public/Private 75
5 Warriors in the Capital: The Ashikaga and the
Classical Ideal 103
6 Warring States Kyoto: Erasing the Classical City 133
7 Castle-Town Kyoto 151
Epilogue: Bridge to the Modern 173
Notes 185
Character Glossary 207
Bibliography 215
Index 223
Supplementary materials are available at
www.kyotohistory.com
for Kyoko
Illustrations
figure 1.1. Map of central Japan indicating locations of Chinese-style capitals. 5
figure 1.2. Heian-kyō bird’s-eye representation. 6
figure 1.3. Heian-kyō grid plan. 9
figure 1.4. Grid plans of Heijō-kyō and Heian-kyō compared. 12
figure 1.5. Heian-kyō residential land allocation. 13
figure 1.6. Heian-kyō block division and organization. 13
figure 1.7. Daidairi imperial enclosure. 17
figure 1.8. Great Hall of State during a new year’s ceremony. 18–19
figure 1.9. Heian Shrine (Heian Jingū). 19
figure 1.10. Kyoto Imperial Palace today. 20
figure 1.11. Dairi, Chōdō-in, and Buraku-in. 21
figure 1.12. Typical shinden-style complex. 25
figure 1.13. Typical central shinden. 27
figure 2.1. Heian-kyō’s urbanization over time. 31
figure 2.2. Residential blocks and “market houses” (machiya) in late medieval Kyoto. 34
figure 2.3. Evolution of blocks: from machi to chō. 35
figure 3.1. Maps of Ukyō and Sakyō. 46
figure 3.2. Eastern Market surrounded by “outer markets.” 47
figure 3.3. Map of early medieval Kyoto. 50
figure 3.4. “Storehouse block” (mikura-machi). 53
figure 3.5. “Market houses” (machiya). 57
figure 3.6. “Market houses.” 57
figure 3.7. Map of Kyoto’s medieval economy. 60
figure 3.8. Map of temples, temple-towns, and exurban districts outside Kyoto. 64
figure 3.9. Shirakawa temple-palace complex, featuring Hosshōji Temple. 69
figure 3.10. Hosshōji Temple’s eight-sided, nine-story pagoda. 70
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