Montana bioenergy guidebook

140 Pages·1991·5.3 MB·English

by  Williard, Raelen

3MONTANA
(DENERGY
1
GUIDEBOOK
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
COGENERATION
DENSIFICATION
DIRECT COMBUSTION
GASIFICATION
LANDFILL GAS
LIQUEFACTION
OILSEED EXTRACTION
PYROLYSIS
S
333.9539
N7MBG
1991
MONTANASTATELIBRARY
R3339539N7ml>919916S3339539M7m«>9
MontanabioenergyguMJebook
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS I ^.,°„«,«^ °o°^^988
ARM AdministrativeRulesofMontana gpm GallonsPerMinute
ASCS U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture,Agricul- Hydrogen
turalStabili2ationandConservationService HjS HydrogenSulfide
ASME AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers ICC InterstateCommerceCommission
BACT BestAvailableControlTechnology LAER LowestAchievableEmission Rate
BATF U.S. DepartmentoftheTreasury,Bureau of MACT MaximumAvailableControlTechnology
Alcohol,Tobacco,and Rrearms MASS MontanaAgriculturalStatisticsService
BBER Montana BureauofBusinessand Economic MCA Montana CodeAnnotated
Research,UniversityofMontana MEPA Montana Envirorunental PolicyAct
BIA U.S. DepartmentoftheInterior,Bureauof MGWPCS MontanaGroundwaterPollutionControl
IndianAffairs
System
BLM UL.aSn.dDMepaonratgmeemnetnotftheInterior,Bureauof MPDES MontanaPollutantDischargeElimination
System
BOD BiologicalOxygenDemand MSW
MunicipalSolidWaste
BPA U.S. DepartmentofEnergy,Bonneville NAAQS NationalAmbientAirQualityStandards
PowerAdministration
NEPA NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct
Btu BritishThermal Unit
CFR CodeofFederal Regulations NO, CompoundsofNitrogenandOxygen
CO CarbonMonoxide NPDES NationalPollutantDischargeElinnination
System
COj CarbonDioxide
Oxygen
COD ChemicalOxygenDemand
O3 Ozone
cwt Hundredweight
OSHA U.S. OccupationalSafetyand HealthAd-
DC)GS Distillers'E>ried Grains
ministration
DBNT Montana DepartmentofFish,Wildlifeand PAH PolyaromaticHydrocarbons
Parks
PER PreliminaryEnvironmentalReview
DHES MontanaDepartmentofHealthand Envi-
PM-10 ParticlesWithanAerodynamicDiameter
ronmentalSciences
DNRC Montana DepartmentofNatural Resources POM of10MicronsorLess
ParticulateOrganicMatter
andConservation
DOA Montana DepartmentofAgriculture PSC Montana PublicServiceCommission
EXXZ MontanaDepartmentofCommerce PSD PreventionofSignificantDeterioration
psi PoundsPerSquareInch
EXDE U.S. DepartmentofEnergy
DOJ Montana DepartmentofJustice QF QualifyingFacility
DOU RCRA ResourceConservationRecoveryAct
MontanaDepartmentofLaborand Industry
IXDR Montana DepartmentofRevenue SHWB Montana DepartmentofHealthand Envi-
ronmentalSciences,Solid and Hazardous
EXDT Montana DepartmentofTransportation WasteBureau
DSL MontanaDepartmentofState Lands SIC Standard IndustrialQassification
EA En\'ironmentalAssessment
SIP StateImplementationPlan
EARC EasternAgricultural ResearchCenter
S02 SulfurDioxide
ED Montana DepartmentofNatural Resources so, CompoundsofSulfurandOxygen
andConservation,EnergyDivision
TSP TotalSuspended Particulates
EIS Environmental ImpactStatement
UIC Underground InjectionControl
EPA U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency USDA U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture
EQC EnvirorvmentalQualityCouncil
USPS U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture,Forest
F Fahrenheit
Service
FERC U.S. Federal EnergyRegulatoryCommis- VOC VolatileOrganicCompounds
WQB
Montana DepartmentofHealthandEnvi-
ronmentalSciences,WaterQualityBureau
MOMTANA
STATE LiE?<ARY
15i5 E. 6>-h AVE.
HELENA, MONTAMA
59620
MONTANA
BIOENERGY
GUIDEBOOK
Prepared by
RaelenWilliard
InformationSpecialist
Now
Information
'HfinnuUion nout
and
Howard E. Haines,Jr.
Biomass Program Engineer
MONTANA DEPARTMENTOFNATURAL
RESOURCES ANDCONSERVATION
1520 EASTSIXTH AVENUE
HELENA, MONl^ANA
59620-2301
[phone]
DECEMI5ER 1991
ACKNOWLEDGMENTTS
This guidebook is a revised version ofMontana's Bioenergi/Project Permitting Guidebook, published by
the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation G3NKC), July 1986. A number of
individuals contributed to the development and production of this publication, including: Raelen
Williard,InformationNow, Helena, Montana,authorand researchand infonrwjtionservices; Howard
E. Haines, Jr., DNRC, authorand project manager; Carole Massman, DNRC, editor; Dan Vichorek,
DNRC, assistant editor;and Barbara Lien, DNRC,desktop publishing technician.
A sf^ecial thank you goes to all of the individuals in businesses and local, state, and federal agencies
who provided information for this publication.
NOTICE
This guidebookwas prepared with thesupport ofDNRC and the U.S. Department ofEnergy OX)E),
Pacific Northwest and Alaska Biomass Energy Program administered by the Bonneville Power Ad-
ministration (BPA). Suchsupportdoes notconstitutean endorsementby BPA orDNRC ofthe views
expressed in this work. Any opinions, findings,orconclusions presented in this guidebookare those
of the preparers. Neither BPA nor DNRC assumes any responsibility for economic losses resulting
from the use of this guidebook. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made for the accuracy, com-
pleteness, orusefulnessoftheinformation found herein.
Everyproject isunique,and it isrecommended that thisguidebookbeused asastarting place to leam
about and understand the planning and permitting process forbioenergy projects. Some permits, li-
censes, orareas ofcompliance thatare not included in theguidebookmay benecessary toa particular
project. Finally, the guidebook is not a substitute for working closely uith local, state, and federal
agenciesduring thedevelopmentofa project.
The information in this guidebook was developed from written and oral communications with each
regulatory agency. Regulatory stahJtes and programs are periodically changed. Thus, information
presented hereissubject tochange orreinterpretation.
Permission is granted for reprinting material from the Montana Bioenergy Guidebook provided that
DNKC, Pacific Northwest and Alaska Biomass Energy Program, and Bonneville Power Administra-
tionarecontactedand credited.
Cover of this guidebook is printed on recycled paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Inside front cover
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ii
NOTICE
ii
GLOSSARY
ix
SECTION WHERETO START
1.
Introduction 1
How to Use theGuidebook 1
What isBiomass Energy? 2
How toPbna Bioenergy Project 2
SECTION BIOENERGYTECHNOLOGIES
2.
Intrcxiuction 9
Alcohol Fermentation 12
Environmental Pemiits
Constructionand Land Use Permits
Special Issues
Anaerobic Digestion 16
Environmental Permits
Constructionand Land Use Permits
Special Issues
Cogeneration 19
Environmental Pemiits
Construction and l^nd UsePermits
Special Issues
III
Densification 22
Environmental Permits
Constructionand Land UsePermits
Special Issues
DirectCombustion: Boilersand Furnaces 25
Environmental Permits
Constructionand Land UsePermits
Special Issues
Gasification 28
Environmental Permits
Construction and Land Use Permits
Special Issues
Landfill Gas 31
Environmental Permits
Construction and Land Use Permits
Special Issues
Liquefaction 33
EnvironmentalPermits
Constructionand Land Use Permits
Special Issues
Oilseed Extraction 35
Environmental Permits
Construction and Land UsePermits
Special Issues
Pyrolysis 37
EnvironmentalPermits
Constructionand Land UsePermits
Special Lssues
SECTION ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
3.
Introduction 39
AirQuality 39
Overview
AirQuality Laws and Regulations
Prevention ofSignificant Deterioration G^D)
Nonattainment
AirToxics
PM-10Standards
Waste Management 47
SolidWasteDisposal OVonhazardous)
HazardousWaste Disposal
WaterQuality "^1
IV
SrCTION4. rCRMITS BY CATEGORY
Introduction 51
Agriculture 52
Commodity Dealer's License
Feed Dealer's Permit
Warehouseman's License
AirQuality 54
AirQuality Permit
Open Burning Perniit
Prevention ofSignificant Deterioration G^D) Review
Alcohol Production 56
Alcohol Fuel Producer'sPermit
Alcohol Distributor's License
Building, Mechanical, Electrical,and Plumbing Permits 57
Building Permit
Mechanical Permit
Electrical Permit
Plumbing Permit
ForestClearingand Burning 59
FireHazard Reduction/CertificateofClearance
TimberRemoval Permit
Land Use 60
Floodplain Development Permit
LakeshoreDevelopment Permit
MajorFacilitySiting 61
CertificateofPublic Need and EnvironmentalCompatibility
OccupationalSafetyand Health 62
BoilerOperating Certificate
BoilerOperator's License
FireSafety Inspections
Waste Management 63
HazardousWaste Management Facility Pennit
Solid Waste Management System License
WaterQuality 65
Montana Groundwater PollutionControlSystem (MGWPCS) Permit
Montana Pollutant Discharge EliminationSystem (MPDES) Permit
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit
Stream Protection Act Pennit
Streambed and Land Preservation Pennit (310 Permit)
WaterUse 68
BeneficialWater UsePermit
SECTION SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
5.
Business Licensing Requirements 71
Cogenerationand SmallPowerProduction 71
DamSafety 72
Forested Areas 73
Highways/Transportation 73
IndianReservations 74
Local Areas 74
NavigableWaters 75
OccupationalSafetyand Health 75
Urban Areas/Municipalities 76
WaterUse 77
APPENDIX A. MONTANA BIOENERCY FACILITIES
Projects Listed byTechnology 79
Alcohol Production Facilities
BiogasFacilities
Combustion Facilities
Wood PelletPlants
Projects Listed by Location 82
APPENDIX B. AGENCIES/ORGANIZATIONS 83
APPENDIX BIOMASS RESOURCES
C.
Introduction 93
Wood Resources 93
Agricultural Resources 94
SolidWasteResources 94
REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 105
INDEX 117
MONTANA ENERGY COST COMPARISON CHART Insideback cover
VI
HGURES
1. HowToPlana Bioenergy Project 4
2. PermitCalendar 5
3. Alcohol Fermentation 13
4. Anaerobic Digestion 17
5. Cogeneration 20
6. Densification 23
7. Direct Combustion 26
8. Gasification 29
9. LandHUGas 32
10. Liquefaction 34
11. Oilseed Extraction 36
12. Pyrolysis 38
13. Maximum Allowable Emission ofParticulate Matter from New Fuel-Burning Installations 41
14. Montana PSDClass 1 Areas 45
15. AreasWith Forest Residue Potential 95
16. AreasofSurplusStraw 101
17. AreasWithSafflowerProduction Potential 102
18. AreasWithCanola Production Potential 103
TABLES
1. BioenergyTechnologies 10
2. InformationSources forBioenergy Technologit-s 11
3. Alcohol Fermentation Permits, Licenses,and Special Issues 14
4. Anaerobic Digestion Permits, Liceiises, and Special Issues 18
5. Cogeneration Permits, Licenses,and Special ksues 21
6. DensificationPermits, Licenses,and Special Issues 24
7. Direct Combustion Permits, Licenses,andSpecial Issues 27
8. BioenergyTechnologiesand Potential Environmental Emissions 40
9. AirPollutantsRegulatedby theState ofMontana 42
10; Montana and National Ambient AirQualityStandards 44
11. AreasExceeding National Ambient AirQualityStandards 47
12. PennitsThat Might BeRa]uired forBioenergy Technologies 51
13. AvailableBarkand Sawdust 94
14. Infonnation Sources for Biomass Availability 96
15. Polenlial Ethanol Production (in Gallons) From l>istressed Grains Based ona Percentageof
Total Harvest 97
Iti. TotalStraw Available (in DryTons) AfterConservation 99
17. MunicipalSolid Waste AvailablebyCounty 104
vu
Vlll