State Politics in India

533 Pages·1968·22.958 MB·English

by  Myron Weiner

STATE POLITICS IN INDIA

S T A T E P O L I T I C S
I N I N D I A
E D I T E D B Y M Y R O N W E I N E R
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Paul R. Brass Baldev Raj Nayar
Marcus F. Franda Balraj Puri
Hugh Gray Lawrence L. Shrader
Ram Joshi Wayne Wilcox
P R I N C E T O N U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S
P R I N C E T O N , N E W J E R S E Y
1 9 6 8
Copyright © 1968 by Princeton University Press
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 67-16954
Printed in the United States of America
by Princeton University Press
Princeton, New Jersey
Preface
THIS volume is the result of the work of the Committee on State Politics
in India, an informal group organized by the editor under the auspices
of the Committee on South Asia of the Association for Asian Studies to
further our understanding of political development in the states of
India.
This symposium represents a first effort to deal systematically with
politics in the Indian states, and we are painfully aware of its limi­
tations. It was not possible to include studies of all seventeen states, and we
very much regret the omission of nine of them. We are hopeful, how­
ever, that this volume will both direct the attention of scholars to the
vacuum that now exists and stimulate the research already under way on
state politics in India. We believe that the eight studies in this volume
shed light on the changing patterns of political participation in India,
the problems of integration within the states, the variety of state party
systems which have developed, and the performance of the state govern­
ments. These studies were completed before the 1967 elections but all
the authors have made some modifications and additions to take these
elections into account.
Although each author takes full responsibility for his chapter contri­
bution, I believe I speak for all the contributors when I say that we
have all profited from a frank exchange of ideas at two seminars, one
at the University of Chicago in April 1961, and another at the Massa­
chusetts Institute of Technology in late 1964. The introductory chapter
represents the editor's attempt to bring together some of the insights
provided by the authors in the several chapters. Complete responsibility
for such interpretation, however, rests with the editor.
We acknowledge with appreciation support from the Committee on
South Asia of the Association for Asian Studies, the Committee on South
Asian Studies of the University of Chicago, and the Center for Inter­
national Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
I wish to extend my personal appreciation to several people who read
and commented on my introductory chapter or who provided critical
guidance on the manuscript as a whole: Bernard S. Cohn. Carolvn
Elliott, Gilbert Etienne, Selig Harrison, and Richard Lambert; to
Vineeta Singh who aided in the editorial work and prepared the tables
for chapter 1; and to Mrs. Eleanor Mamber, Nancy Weber, and Helaine
Levi, who provided splendid secretarial assistance.
MYRON WEINER
Paris
May ip6y

Table of Contents
Preface ν
List of Illustrations ix
List of Tables xi
I. Political Development in the Indian States 3
BY MYRON WEINER
II. Uttar Pradesh 61
BY PAUL R. BRASS
III. Madhya Pradesh 127
BY WAYNE WILCOX
IV. Maharashtra 177
BY RAM JOSHI
V. Jammu and Kashmir 215
BY BALRAJ PURI
VI. West Bengal 247
BY MARCUS F. FRANDA
VII. Rajasthan 321
BY LAWRENCE L. SHRADER
VIII. Andhra Pradesh 399
BY HUGH GRAY
IX. Punjab 435
BY BALDEV RAJ NAYAR
List of Contributors 503
Index 507

List of Illustrations
MAPS
India
2
Uttar Pradesh
60
Madhya Pradesh
126
Maharashtra
176
Jammu and Kashmir
214
West Bengal
246
Rajasthan
320
Andhra Pradesh
398
Punjab
434
FIGURES
Fig. x. Instability of Support for Congress, U. P. 77
Fig. 2. Distribution of Support for Congress in U. P.
Elections for Legislative Assembly 79
Fig. 3. High Rural Density and Support for Left
Parties, U. P. 89
Fig. 4. Large Landed Estates and Support for Jan Sangh
and Swatantra, U. P. 94
Fig. 5. TheAndhraMahasabhaSplit 412
Fig. 6. Chains of Command, Telengana 415
Fig. 7. Samithi Officials, Andhra 418