urban agroforestry

55 Pages·2015·7.88 MB·English

URBAN AGROFORESTRY: CONNECTING
AGROECOLOGY, PERMACULTURE, URBAN
FORESTRY AND URBAN AGRICULTURE
INTO URBAN FOOD FORESTS
Stephen Mann, Dr Shibu Jose, Dr Michael Gold
Most People live in Cities
83 percent (257 million people) live in urban areas
http://www.worldometers.info/).
Environmental and Social Degradation
Water and Food Security
Blue River oxbow eutrophication
Stadium Dr. KCMO
3333 & Garfield Kansas City
CoMrnoer Grocery store in disrepair
adj&ac Genatr ftioe ldcl eKaarnesda, sv aCcitayn Mt o
residential lots.
33 & Garfield Kansas City Mo
33rd & Garfield Kansas City Mo
“Urbanization has become
a major component of land-
transformation, loss of
wetlands, and deforestation
with resulting degradation
of ecosystems services
worldwide”
(Grimm et al. 2000).
58 square miles mostly
within the city’s urban core
served by combined
sewers.
KC Urban area
(DOJ 2012)
678 sq mi
2010 Census
Mid-America Regional Council
EPA vs. KCMO
“
Kansas City, Missouri, to Spend $2.5 Billion to
Eliminate Sewer Overflows.”
“Since 2002, Kansas City has experienced approximately 1,294
illegal sewer overflows, including at least 138 unpermitted
combined sewer overflows, 390 sanitary sewer overflows, and
766 backups in buildings and private properties. The overflows
are in violation of the federal Clean Water Act and the terms of
the city’s National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permits
for operation of its sewer system.”
(DOJ 2010).
2011 USDA Agroforestry Strategic
Framework (ASF)
• Suggests a focus on the integration of
agroforestry with food production in urban
areas.
• Adoption of agroforestry principles should
start with urban populations and landscapes
(USDA 2011).
Sustainable Urban Food Production
Opportunity
Urban Food Forest (UFF))
Temperate Climate UFF designers use tropical
Agroforestry home gardens as a model for
perennial polycultures that produce:
– food,
– fuel,
– fiber,
– fodder,
– pharmaceuticals
– Ecosystems Services
– and human wellbeing
World Wide Sustainability Strategy
Woody Perennial Polycultures (WPP),
modeled from multistrata agroforestry
systems, are widespread in the tropics,
and are being adopted as sustainable,
ecologically based land use strategies in
urban ecosystems worldwide
Fernandes and Nair 1986; Altieri 1999; Nair 2001; Ferguson and Lovell 2013;
Fernandez et al. 2013
Sustainability Indicators for Woody Perennial
Polycultures